常用命令实操
1. 准备工作
1)启动Hadoop集群(方便后续的测试)
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[lmy@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
2)-help:输出这个命令参数
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -help rm
2. 上传
1)-moveFromLocal:从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ touch kongming.txt
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./kongming.txt /sanguo/shuguo
2)-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /
3)-appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ touch liubei.txt
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vi liubei.txt
输入
san gu mao lu
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
4)-put:等同于copyFromLocal
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put ./liubei.txt /user/atguigu/test/
3. 下载
1)-copyToLocal:从HDFS拷贝到本地
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
2)-get:等同于copyToLocal,就是从HDFS下载文件到本地
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
3)-getmerge:合并下载多个文件,比如HDFS的目录 /user/atguigu/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,…
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/atguigu/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt
4. HDFS直接操作
1)-ls: 显示目录信息
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /
2)-mkdir:在HDFS上创建目录
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo
3)-cat:显示文件内容
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
4)-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown:Linux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
5)-cp :从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt
6)-mv:在HDFS目录中移动文件
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/
7)-tail:显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
8)-rm:删除文件或文件夹
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /user/atguigu/test/jinlian2.txt
9)-rmdir:删除空目录
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test
10)-du统计文件夹的大小信息
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/atguigu/test
2.7 K /user/atguigu/test
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /user/atguigu/test
1.3 K /user/atguigu/test/README.txt
15 /user/atguigu/test/jinlian.txt
1.4 K /user/atguigu/test/zaiyiqi.txt
11)-setrep:设置HDFS中文件的副本数量
[lmy@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备,最多也就3个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到10。