Hadoop中HDFS的Shell操作（开发重点）、启动Hadoop集群、基本语法、常用命令实操、命令大全、-help、-mkdir、-moveFromLocal、-copyFromLocal

6.HDFS的Shell操作（开发重点）

6.1基本语法

hadoop fs 具体命令 OR hdfs dfs 具体命令
两个是完全相同的

6.2命令大全

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ bin/hadoop fs

[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
        [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
<acl_spec> <path>]]
		[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]

6.3常用命令实操

6.3.1准备工作

6.3.1.1启动Hadoop集群（方便后续的测试）

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
• [summer@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

6.3.1.2-help：输出这个命令参数

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -help rm

6.3.1.3创建/sanguo文件夹

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

6.3.2上传

6.3.2.1-moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim shuguo.txt

输入的内容为shuguo

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo
  
  因为这个功能为剪切功能，所以创建的shuguo.txt文件就没有了而到了HDFS上

6.3.2.2-copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim weiguo.txt

内容为weiguo

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./weiguo.txt /sanguo

这个操作是复制，所以本地创建的weiguo.txt文件不会没有

6.3.2.3-put：等同于copyFromLocal，生产环境更习惯用put

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim wuguo.txt

内容是wuguo

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put wuguo.txt /sanguo
  
  
  这个操作是复制，所以本地创建的wuguo.txt文件不会没有

6.3.2.4-appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim liubei.txt

内容为liubei

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo.txt

内容追加到了shuguo.txt文档里面了

6.3.3下载

6.3.3.1-copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./

6.3.3.2-get：等同于copyToLocal，生产环境更习惯用get

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./shuguo2.txt

6.3.4HDFS直接操作

6.3.4.1-ls: 显示目录信息

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /
• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo

6.3.4.2-cat：显示文件内容

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt

6.3.4.3-chgrp、-chmod、-chown：Linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /sanguo/shuguo.txt

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chown summer:summer /sanguo/shuguo.txt

6.3.4.4-mkdir：创建路径

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo

6.3.4.5-cp：从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo

6.3.4.6-mv：在HDFS目录中移动文件

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo
• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt /jinguo

6.3.4.7-tail：显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt

6.3.4.8-rm：删除文件或文件夹

[summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt

6.3.4.9-rm -r：递归删除目录及目录里面内容

[summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo

6.3.4.10-du统计文件夹的大小信息

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /jinguo

6.3.4.11-setrep：设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

• [summer@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备，最多也就3个副本，只有节点数的增加到10台时，副本数才能达到10。