网络编程
1.1概述
计算机网络:
- 地理位置不同
- 通过通信线路连接起来
- 网络通信协议
- 实现资源共享
网络编程的目的:
传播交流信息,数据交换。通信。
想要达到这个效果的需要:
-
如何准确定位网络上的主机 192.168.7.211:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
-
找到这个主机,如何传输数据?
javaweb:网页编程
网络编程:TCP/IP
1.2 网络通信的要素
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.7.211:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
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重点是传输层
1.3 IP
ip地址
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
- ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- 127.0.0.1,四个字节,0~255,42亿;30亿在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用完了
- ipv6 :128位,8个无符号整数!
- 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名:记忆IP问题
- www.vip.com
InetAddress类:
package com.he.ip;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本地机器
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程;
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号
- 被规定0-65535
- TCP,UDP:65536 * 2,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口 0 ~ 1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有端口:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口,也可以grep
package com.he.ip;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//hosts地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常复杂,分层!
TCP/IP协议:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP对比UDP
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定链接
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.he.TCPDemo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址和端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2。创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口
- 等待用户的连接accept
- 接受用户的消息
package com.he.TCPDemo;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TCPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1。拥有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3. 读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
// 管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端:
package com.he.TCPDemo;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TCPServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3. 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端接受完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕,你可以断开".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端:
package com.he.TCPDemo;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TCPClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2。 创建一个输出流
OutputStream fos = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3. 文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("/Users/heyufan1/Desktop/Picture/Xnip2022-01-08_20-56-06.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器结束
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接受完毕才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream boas = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2=fis.read(buffer2)) != -1 ){
boas.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(boas.toString());
//5。关闭资源
fis.close();
boas.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.7 UDP
发送端:
package com.he.UDP;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1,建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建一个包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 0, msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.he.UDP;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.he.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package com.he.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
相互发送
两个线程:
package com.he.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.he.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
统一资源定位符:定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析:把域名变成IP
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
URL类:
package com.he.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1。下载地址
//https://github.com/Missyesterday/Picture/blob/main/WeChat9519644001d99d8f18dc5ed8a43f18ca.png?raw=true
URL url = new URL("https://m10.music.126.net/20220112032921/2b3f455074e3e07e8b0fa0856c4c3ea7/yyaac/515e/005d/5653/f4f0e3561d77555c0450a9e2a95031c6.m4a");//网易云音乐的一首歌
//2。连接到这个资源
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("f.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}