javaweb前后台交互传递数据的几种方法

前端传后台：

1. form表单传递

<form method="post" action="login.action" id="login-form"><%--method：提交方式；action：跳转到controller层对应的方法名--%>
        <label>username：</label>
            <input type="text" name="userName" placeholder="username">
        <label>password：</label>
            <input type="password" name="userPassword" placeholder="Password">
    <br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

上述 <input type="submit" value="登录">可以替换成

 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="regist()">注册</button>

加上相应的js函数（通过id提交）
function regist(){
        $("#login-form").submit();//表单提交
    }

2. 通过ajax提交

<form method="post" action="login.action">
        <label>username：</label>
            <input type="text" name="userName" placeholder="username">
        <label>password：</label>
            <input type="password" name="userPassword" placeholder="Password">

    <br>
    <input id="code" name="code" type="text" placeholder="验证码" onblur="checkCode()">
    <div>
        <IMG id="captchaImg" style="CURSOR: pointer"
             title="看不清楚?请点击刷新验证码!" align='absmiddle' src="${ctx}/captchaServlet"
             height="18" width="55">
        <a href="javascript:;"
           onClick="changeCaptcha()" style="color: #666;">看不清楚</a> <span id="code_span" style="color: red"></span>
    </div>
    <br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

从前端传递验证码到后台js函数checkCode()
<script type="text/javascript">
    //验证码校验
    var flag_c = false;
    function checkCode() {
        var code = $("#code").val();
        code = code.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,"");
        if(code == ""){
            $("#code_span").text("请输入验证码！").css("color","red");
            flag_c = false;
        }else{
            $.ajax({
                type: 'post',
                url: '/checkCode',
                data: {"code": code},
                dataType: 'json',
                success: function (data) {
                    var val = data['message'];
                    if (val == "success") {
                        $("#code_span").text("√").css("color","green");
                        flag_c = true;
                    }else {
                        $("#code_span").text("验证码错误！").css("color","red");
                        flag_c = false;
                    }
                }
            });

        }
        return flag_c;
    }

  
</script>

注意：input框里的name属性不仅和数据库的字段名对应，还要和跳转到controller层里的对应方法的参数名一致，无论传入的参数是否以@RequestParam方式传递，以下两种方式都可以

public String regist(Model model,@RequestParam(value = "userName",required = false)String username,
                         @RequestParam(value = "userPassword",required = false)String password,
                         @RequestParam(value = "userPhone",required = false)String phone,
                         @RequestParam(value = "userEmail",required = false)String email,
                         @RequestParam(value = "code",required = false)String code)

后台返回前端数据：
使用EL表达式：

1. 通过model 获取

通过Controller层方法传参 Model model
用model.addAttribute(“user”,user);将user传递给前端
前端用${sessionScope.get(“user”).userId或
${sessionScope.user.userId}获取

2.通过session获取

Controller层方法传参HttpSession session
用session.setAttribute(“userSession”,user);将user传递给前端
前端用${sessionScope.get(“userSession”).userId或
${sessionScope.userSession.userId}获取

tips

前端通过a标签也可以跳转到controller层的方法

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