C++实现反射机制优化简单工厂

在简单工厂模式中，在工厂类中，需要加入switch或者if判断，增加了代码的耦合性，不利于扩展。
引入反射机制则可以去除判断，而是根据传入的字符串直接生产对应的实例

未加入反射机制的简单工厂

class Fruit
{
public:
	virtual void eat() = 0;
};
class apple:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃苹果"<<endl;
	}
};
class banana:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃香蕉"<<endl;
	}
};
class pear:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃梨"<<endl;
	}
};
class factory
{
public:
	void createFruit(string name)//通过传入的字符串进行判断，生成对应的实例，扩展性较差
	{
		if(name=="苹果")
		{
			fruit = new apple;
		}
		if(name=="香蕉")
		{
			fruit = new banana;
		}
		if(name=="梨")
		{
			fruit = new pear;
		}
		return fruit;
	}
private:
	Fruit *fruit;
};

加入反射机制的简单工厂

Factory.h
可以将其进行封装，方面使用

#ifndef _FACTORY_H
#define _FACTORY_H

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<map>
#include<string>
typedef void* (*create_fun)();

#define REGISTER(className)                                             \
    className* objectCreator##className(){                              \
        return new className;                                           \
    }                                                                   \
    RegisterAction g_creatorRegister##className(                        \
        #className,(create_fun)objectCreator##className)

class Factory
{
public:
	~Factory(){}
	void *GetClassByName(string name)
	{
		std::map<string,create_fun>::iterator ite = my_class.find(name);
		if(ite==my_class.end())
			return NULL;
		else
			return ite->second();
	}
	void RegisterClass(string name,create_fun fun)
	{
		my_class[name]=fun;
	}
	static Factory& GetInstance()
	{
		static Factory f;
		return f;
	}
private:
	Factory(){}
	std::map<string,create_fun> my_class;
};


#endif

test.h

class Fruit
{
public:
	virtual void eat() = 0;
};
class apple:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃苹果"<<endl;
	}
};
class banana:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃香蕉"<<endl;
	}
};
class pear:public Fruit
{
public:
	void eat()
	{
		cout<<"吃梨"<<endl;
	}
};
class factory
{
public:
	void createFruit(string name)//不需要判断语句，直接根据字符创生产对应实例，方便扩展
	{
		this->fruit = (Fruit*)Factory::GetInstance().GetClassByName(name);
		
	}
public:
	Fruit *fruit;
};
class RegisterAction{
public:
	RegisterAction(string className,create_fun ptrCreateFn){
		Factory::GetInstance().RegisterClass(className,ptrCreateFn);
    }
};

main.h

#include"Factory.h"
#include"test.h"

REGISTER(apple);//注册apple类
int main()
{
	factory *t = new factory;
	t->createFruit("apple");
	t->fruit->eat();
	delete t;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

扩展

如果此时有一个新的水果加入，则只需要继承Fruit即可，不需要修改代码