中科大计算机数学作业解答六（参考书：具体数学）

eternalex

于 2022-09-29 15:09:01 发布

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分类专栏：具体数学

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41703198/article/details/127107273

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1.

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令
$F(z)=z^3-8(z-1),H(z)=z^3$
则有
$F'(1)=-5,F''(1)=6,F'''(1)=6\\ H'(1)=3,H''(1)=6,H'''(1)=6$
计算三阶累积量
$k_3(H)=H'''(1)+3H''(1)+H'(1)-3H'(1)H''(1)-3(H'(1))^2+2(H'(1))^3\\ =6+3*6+3-3*3*6-3*3^2+2*3^3=0\\ k_3(F)=F'''(1)+3F''(1)+F'(1)-3F'(1)F''(1)-3(F'(1))^2+2(F'(1))^3\\ =6+3*6-5+5*3*6-3*(-5)^2+2*(-5)^3=-216\\$
又有
$k_3(G)+k_3(F)=k_3(H)$
解得
$k_3(G)=216$

2.

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设出现反面的概率为 $q = 1 - p$ ,有 $A = H T H T H$ ,则有

k	1	2	3	4	5
$A^{(k)}$	H	TH	HTH	THTH	HTHTH
$A_{(k)}$	H	HT	HTH	HTHT	HTHTH

$\begin{aligned} EX&=\sum^m_{k=1}\tilde{A}_{(k)}[A^{(k)}=A_{(k)}]\\ &=\tilde{A}_{(1)}+\tilde{A}_{(3)}+\tilde{A}_{(5)}=p^{-1}+p^{-2}q^{-1}+p^{-3}q^{-2}\\ VX&=(EX)^2-\sum^m_{k=1}(2k-1)\tilde{A}_{(k)}[A^{(k)}=A_{(k)}]\\ &=(p^{-1}+p^{-2}q^{-1}+p^{-3}q^{-2})^2-(p^{-1}+5p^{-2}q^{-1}+9p^{-3}q^{-2})\\ \end{aligned}$

3.

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$\begin{aligned} (n+2+\frac3{n+1})^n&=n^n(1+\frac2n+\frac3{n(n+1)})^n\\ &=n^n(1+\frac{2n+5}{n(n+1)})^n\\ &=n^nexp(nln(1+\frac{2n+5}{n(n+1)})) \\ &=n^nexp(n(\frac{2n+5}{n(n+1)}-\frac12(\frac{2n+5}{n(n+1)})^2+O(n^{-3}))) \\ &=n^nexp(\frac{2n+5}{n+1}-\frac12\frac{(2n+5)^2}{n(n+1)^2}+O(n^{-2}) ) \\ &=n^nexp(2+\frac{3}{n+1}-\frac{(2n+5)^2}{2n(n+1)^2}+O(n^{-2}))\\ &=n^ne^2(1+\frac{3}{n+1}+O(n^{-2}))(1-\frac{(2n+5)^2}{2n(n+1)^2}+O(n^{-2})) \\ &=n^ne^2(1+\frac{2n^2-14n-25}{2n(n+1)^2}+O(n^{-2})) \\ &=n^ne^2(1+n^{-1}+O(n^{-2})) \\ &=n^ne^2(1+n^{-1})(1+O(n^{-2})) \end{aligned}$

4.

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令 $f(x)=\frac1{n^2+x^2}$
$\begin{aligned} \sum^n_{k=1}f(k)&=\sum^{n-1}_{k=0}f(k)+f(n)-f(0)\\ &=\int^n_0\frac1{n^2+x^2}dx-\frac12\frac1{n^2+x^2}|^n_0+\sum^m_{k=1}\frac{B_{2k}}{(2k)!}f^{(2k-1)}(x)|^n_0\\ &+O((2\pi)^{-2m})\int^n_0|f^{(2m)}(x)|dx-\frac1{2n^2} \end{aligned}$

$f^1(x)=\frac{-2x}{(n^2+x^2)^2},f^2(x)=\frac{6x^2-2n^2}{(n^2+x^2)^3}\\ f^3(x)=\frac{24x^3-24n^2x}{(n^2+x^2)^4},f^4(x)=\frac{120x^4-240n^2x^2+24n^4}{(n^2+x^2)^5}$
所以有
$\begin{aligned} 原式&=\int^n_0\frac1{n}\frac1{1+(x/n)^2}d(x/n)+\frac{B_{2}}{(2)!}\frac{-2x}{(n^2+x^2)^2}|^n_0-\frac1{4n^2}+O(\int^n_0|f^4(x)|dx)\\ &=[\frac1{n}arctan(\frac x{n})+\frac{-x}{6(n^2+x^2)^2}]|^n_0-\frac1{4n^2}+O(n^{-5})\\ &=\frac14\pi n^{-1}-\frac 14 n^{-2}-\frac1 {24}n^{-3}+O(n^{-5}) \end{aligned}$

5.

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令
$A_n=\sum_k\binom {2n}k^3=\sum_k\binom {2n}{n+k}^3=\sum_k(\frac{(2n)!}{(n+k)!(n-k)!})^3\\ (\frac{(2n)!}{(n+k)!(n-k)!})^3=a_k(n)=b_k(n)+O(c_k(n)),k\in D_n$
有
$A_n=\sum_kb_k(n)+O(\sum_{k \notin D_n}a_k(n))+O(\sum_{k \notin D_n}b_k(n))+O(\sum_{k \in D_n}c_k(n))$
令
$\epsilon为一个很小的正常数，k\in D_n \Leftrightarrow|k|\leq n^{1/2+\epsilon}$
有
$\begin{aligned} lna_k(n)&=3(ln(2n)!-ln(n+k)!-ln(n-k)!)\\ &=3((2n+\frac12)ln2-\sigma-\frac12lnn+O(n^{-1})-(n+k+\frac12)ln(1+k/n)\\ &-(n-k+\frac12)ln(1-k/n))\\ &=3((2n+\frac12)ln2-\sigma-\frac12lnn-k^2+O(n^{-1/2+3\epsilon}))\\ \end{aligned}$
两边取指数有
$a_k(n)=(\frac{2^{2n+1/2}}{e^\sigma\sqrt n}e^{-k^2/n})^3(1+O(n^{-1/2+3\epsilon}))\\ b_k(n)=(\frac{2^{2n+1/2}}{e^\sigma\sqrt n}e^{-k^2/n})^3,c_k(n)=2^{6n}n^{-2+3\epsilon}e^{-3k^2/n}$
所以主要部分有
$\sum_kb_k(n)=(\frac{2^{2n+1/2}}{e^\sigma\sqrt n})^3\sum_ke^{-3k^2/n}=(\frac{2^{2n+1/2}}{e^\sigma\sqrt n})^3\circleddash_n\\ =(\frac{2^{2n+1/2}}{e^\sigma\sqrt n})^3(\sqrt{\pi n/3}+O(n^{-M}))=\frac{2^{6n}}{\sqrt3\pi n}(1+O(n^{-M}))$
误差有
$\sum_{k \in D_n}c_k(n)=\sum_{|k|\leq n^{1/2+\epsilon}}2^{6n}n^{-2+3\epsilon}e^{-3k^2/n}\leq2^{6n}n^{-2+3\epsilon}\circleddash_n=O(2^{6n}n^{-3/2+3\epsilon})\\ \sum_{k> n^{1/2+\epsilon}}e^{-3k^2/n}=<exp(-3\lfloor n^{1/2+\epsilon}\rfloor/n )O(n)=O(ne^{-3n^{2\epsilon}}),对所有M等于O(n^{-M})\\$
所以 $\sum_{k \notin D_n}b_k(n)$ 可以忽略不计
$\sum_{k \notin D_n}a_k(n)=\sum_{k> n^{1/2+\epsilon}}\binom{2n}{n+k}^3$
类似 $\sum_{k \notin D_n}b_k(n)$ ，这一项也可以忽略不计，因此有
$\sum_k\binom {2n}k^3=\frac{2^{6n}}{\sqrt3\pi n}(1+O(n^{-M}))+O(2^{6n}n^{-3/2+3\epsilon})\\ =\frac{2^{6n}}{\sqrt3\pi n}(1+O(n^{-1/2+3\epsilon}))$
只要令 $\epsilon<\frac1{12}$ 即可