PCL_7---深度图像

由于这是参照书上学习的,自己的理解都记在书上了,本文只为方便后期复制使用。

1、从一个点云创建一个深度图像

代码

#include <pcl/range_image/range_image.h>                    //深度图像头文件

int main (int argc, char** argv) {
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> pointCloud;                //定义点云对象
 //生成数据
  for (float y=-0.5f; y<=0.5f; y+=0.01f) {
    for (float z=-0.5f; z<=0.5f; z+=0.01f) {
      pcl::PointXYZ point;
      point.x = 2.0f - y;
      point.y = y;
      point.z = z;
      pointCloud.points.push_back(point);
    }
  }
  pointCloud.width = (uint32_t) pointCloud.points.size();
  pointCloud.height = 1;

    //以1度为角分辨率,从上面创建的点云创建深度图像。
  float angularResolution = (float) (  1.0f * (M_PI/180.0f));  //分辨率  1度转弧度
  float maxAngleWidth     = (float) (360.0f * (M_PI/180.0f));  //横向转 360.0度转弧度
  float maxAngleHeight    = (float) (180.0f * (M_PI/180.0f));  //纵向转 180.0度转弧度
  Eigen::Affine3f sensorPose = (Eigen::Affine3f)Eigen::Translation3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); //创建模拟深度图像获取传感器的6个自由度(横滚角roll、俯仰角pitch、偏航角yaw)
  pcl::RangeImage::CoordinateFrame coordinate_frame = pcl::RangeImage::CAMERA_FRAME;    //X轴向右 Y轴向下 Z轴向前
  float noiseLevel=0.00;                                                                //半径距离通过查询方圆noiseLevel平均获得
  float minRange = 0.0f;                                                                //模拟器镜头方圆minRange的点被忽略
  int borderSize = 1;                                                                   //认为画个边界
  pcl::RangeImage rangeImage;
  rangeImage.createFromPointCloud(pointCloud, angularResolution, maxAngleWidth, maxAngleHeight, sensorPose, coordinate_frame, noiseLevel, minRange, borderSize);//初始化参数
   std::cout << rangeImage << "\n";


  return 0;
}

实验结果

打印出了深度图像的宽、高、分辨率等信息。

header:
seq: 0 stamp: 0 frame_id:
points[]: 1360
width: 40
height: 34
sensor_origin_: 0 0 0
sensor_orientation_: 0 0 0 1
is_dense: 0
angular resolution: 1deg/pixel in x and 1deg/pixel in y.

2、从深度图像提取边界

代码

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <pcl/range_image/range_image.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/range_image_visualizer.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/pcl_visualizer.h>
#include <pcl/features/range_image_border_extractor.h>
#include <pcl/console/parse.h>
typedef pcl::PointXYZ PointType;
// --------------------
// -----参数-----
// --------------------
float angular_resolution = 0.5f;
pcl::RangeImage::CoordinateFrame coordinate_frame = pcl::RangeImage::CAMERA_FRAME;
bool setUnseenToMaxRange = false;
// --------------
// -----帮助-----
// --------------
void 
printUsage (const char* progName)
{
  std::cout << "\n\nUsage: "<<progName<<" [options] <scene.pcd>\n\n"
            << "Options:\n"
            << "-------------------------------------------\n"
            << "-r <float>   angular resolution in degrees (default "<<angular_resolution<<")\n"
            << "-c <int>     coordinate frame (default "<< (int)coordinate_frame<<")\n"
            << "-m           Treat all unseen points to max range\n"
            << "-h           this help\n"
            << "\n\n";
}
// --------------
// -----主函数-----
// --------------
int 
main (int argc, char** argv)
{
  // --------------------------------------
  // -----解析命令行参数-----
  // --------------------------------------
  if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-h") >= 0)
  {
    printUsage (argv[0]);
    return 0;
  }
  if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-m") >= 0)
  {
    setUnseenToMaxRange = true;
    cout << "Setting unseen values in range image to maximum range readings.\n";
  }
  int tmp_coordinate_frame;
  if (pcl::console::parse (argc, argv, "-c", tmp_coordinate_frame) >= 0)
  {
    coordinate_frame = pcl::RangeImage::CoordinateFrame (tmp_coordinate_frame);
    cout << "Using coordinate frame "<< (int)coordinate_frame<<".\n";
  }
  if (pcl::console::parse (argc, argv, "-r", angular_resolution) >= 0)
    cout << "Setting angular resolution to "<<angular_resolution<<"deg.\n";
  angular_resolution = pcl::deg2rad (angular_resolution);
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // -----读取pcd文件,如果没有给出pcd文件则创建一个示例点云-----
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr point_cloud_ptr (new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>);
  pcl::PointCloud<PointType>& point_cloud = *point_cloud_ptr;
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithViewpoint> far_ranges;
  Eigen::Affine3f scene_sensor_pose (Eigen::Affine3f::Identity ());
  std::vector<int> pcd_filename_indices = pcl::console::parse_file_extension_argument (argc, argv, "pcd");
  if (!pcd_filename_indices.empty ())
  {
    
    std::string filename = argv[pcd_filename_indices[0]];
    if (pcl::io::loadPCDFile (filename, point_cloud) == -1)
    {
      cout << "Was not able to open file \""<<filename<<"\".\n";
      printUsage (argv[0]);
      return 0;
    }
    scene_sensor_pose = Eigen::Affine3f(Eigen::Translation3f(point_cloud.sensor_origin_[0],
                                                            point_cloud.sensor_origin_[1],
                                                            point_cloud.sensor_origin_[2])) *
                                                            Eigen::Affine3f(point_cloud.sensor_orientation_);
    std::string far_ranges_filename = pcl::getFilenameWithoutExtension(filename) + "_far_ranges.pcd";
    if (pcl::io::loadPCDFile(far_ranges_filename.c_str(), far_ranges) == -1)
      std::cout << "Far ranges file \""<<far_ranges_filename<<"\" does not exists.\n";
    
  }
  else
  {
    cout << "\nNo *.pcd file given => Genarating example point cloud.\n\n";
    for (float x=-0.5f; x<=0.5f; x+=0.01f)
    {
      for (float y=-0.5f; y<=0.5f; y+=0.01f)
      {
        PointType point;  point.x = x;  point.y = y;  point.z = 2.0f - y;
        point_cloud.points.push_back (point);
      }
    }
    point_cloud.width = (int) point_cloud.points.size ();  point_cloud.height = 1;
  }
  // -----------------------------------------------
  // -----从点云创建深度图像-----
  // -----------------------------------------------
  float noise_level = 0.0;
  float min_range = 0.0f;
  int border_size = 1;
  boost::shared_ptr<pcl::RangeImage> range_image_ptr (new pcl::RangeImage);
  pcl::RangeImage& range_image = *range_image_ptr;   
  range_image.createFromPointCloud (point_cloud, angular_resolution, pcl::deg2rad (360.0f), pcl::deg2rad (180.0f), scene_sensor_pose, coordinate_frame, noise_level, min_range, border_size);
  range_image.integrateFarRanges (far_ranges);          //将点云数据并入到深度图像
  if (setUnseenToMaxRange)                              //设置不能观察到的点为远距离点
    range_image.setUnseenToMaxRange ();
  // --------------------------------------------
  // -----打开三维浏览器并添加点云-----
  // --------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer viewer ("3D Viewer");
  viewer.setBackgroundColor (1, 1, 1);
  viewer.addCoordinateSystem (1.0f);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<PointType> point_cloud_color_handler (point_cloud_ptr, 0, 0, 0);
  viewer.addPointCloud (point_cloud_ptr, point_cloud_color_handler, "original point cloud");
  //PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointWithRange>   range_image_color_handler (range_image_ptr, 150, 150, 150);
  //viewer.addPointCloud (range_image_ptr, range_image_color_handler, "range image");
  //viewer.setPointCloudRenderingProperties (PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 2, "range image");
  // -------------------------
  // -----提取边界-----
  // -------------------------
  pcl::RangeImageBorderExtractor border_extractor (&range_image);   //创建边界提取对象 给它深度图像
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::BorderDescription> border_descriptions;      //创建边界描述对象
  border_extractor.compute (border_descriptions);                   //计算后 存给border_descriptions
  // ----------------------------------
  // -----在3D浏览器中显示点集-----
  // ----------------------------------
  //显示3种边界
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange>::Ptr border_points_ptr(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange>), veil_points_ptr(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange>), shadow_points_ptr(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange>);
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange>& border_points = *border_points_ptr, & veil_points = * veil_points_ptr, & shadow_points = *shadow_points_ptr;
  for (int y=0; y< (int)range_image.height; ++y)
  {
    for (int x=0; x< (int)range_image.width; ++x)
    {
      if (border_descriptions.points[y*range_image.width + x].traits[pcl::BORDER_TRAIT__OBSTACLE_BORDER])
        border_points.points.push_back (range_image.points[y*range_image.width + x]);
      if (border_descriptions.points[y*range_image.width + x].traits[pcl::BORDER_TRAIT__VEIL_POINT])
        veil_points.points.push_back (range_image.points[y*range_image.width + x]);
      if (border_descriptions.points[y*range_image.width + x].traits[pcl::BORDER_TRAIT__SHADOW_BORDER])
        shadow_points.points.push_back (range_image.points[y*range_image.width + x]);
    }
  }
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointWithRange> border_points_color_handler (border_points_ptr, 0, 255, 0);
  viewer.addPointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange> (border_points_ptr, border_points_color_handler, "border points");
  viewer.setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 7, "border points");
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointWithRange> veil_points_color_handler (veil_points_ptr, 255, 0, 0);
  viewer.addPointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange> (veil_points_ptr, veil_points_color_handler, "veil points");
  viewer.setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 7, "veil points");
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointWithRange> shadow_points_color_handler (shadow_points_ptr, 0, 255, 255);
  viewer.addPointCloud<pcl::PointWithRange> (shadow_points_ptr, shadow_points_color_handler, "shadow points");
  viewer.setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 7, "shadow points");
  //-------------------------------------
  // -----在深度图像中显示点集-----
  // ------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::RangeImageVisualizer* range_image_borders_widget = NULL;
  range_image_borders_widget =
  pcl::visualization::RangeImageVisualizer::getRangeImageBordersWidget (range_image, -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity (), std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity (), false, border_descriptions, "Range image with borders" );                     
  // -------------------------------------
  //--------------------
  // -----主循环-----
  //--------------------
  while (!viewer.wasStopped ())
  {
    range_image_borders_widget->spinOnce ();
    viewer.spinOnce ();
    pcl_sleep(0.01);
  }
}

实验结果

  • 在点云中显示边界
    在这里插入图片描述
    绿色:物体边界
    红色:Veil点集
    蓝色:阴影边界
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 在深度图像中显示边界
    在这里插入图片描述

3、点云到深度图像的变换与曲面重建

代码

#include <pcl/range_image/range_image.h>
#include <pcl/range_image/range_image_planar.h>
#include <pcl/io/io.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/features/integral_image_normal.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/cloud_viewer.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/features/normal_3d.h>
#include <pcl/console/print.h>
#include <pcl/surface/organized_fast_mesh.h>
#include <pcl/console/time.h>
#include <Eigen/StdVector>
#include <Eigen/Geometry>
#include <iostream>
#include <pcl/surface/impl/organized_fast_mesh.hpp> 
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>

#include <pcl/common/common_headers.h>

#include <pcl/visualization/range_image_visualizer.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/pcl_visualizer.h>
#include <pcl/console/parse.h>
using namespace pcl::console;
int main (int argc, char** argv) {


	// Generate the data
	if (argc<2)
	{

		print_error ("Syntax is: %s input.pcd -w 640 -h 480 -cx 320 -cy 240 -fx 525 -fy 525 -type 0 -size 2\n", argv[0]);
		print_info ("  where options are:\n");
		print_info ("                     -w X = width of detph iamge ");

		return -1;
	}
	std::string filename = argv[1];


	/* 生成深度图像 */
	int width=640,height=480,size=2,type=0;			//深度图像宽、高度
	float fx=525,fy=525,cx=320,cy=240;				//光轴在深度图像上的坐标

	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-w", width);		//深度图像宽度
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-h", height);		//深度图像高度
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-cx", cx);			//光轴在深度图像上的x坐标
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-cy", cy);			//光轴在深度图像上的y坐标
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-fx", fx);			//水平方向焦距
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-fy", fy);			//垂直方向焦距
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-type", type);		//曲面重建时三角化的方式
	parse_argument (argc, argv, "-size", size);		//曲面重建时的面片的大小
	//convert unorignized point cloud to orginized point cloud begin
	pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>);	//点云对象指针
	pcl::io::loadPCDFile (filename, *cloud);												//读点云数据
	print_info ("Read pcd file successfully\n");
	Eigen::Affine3f sensorPose;																//传感器姿态对象
	sensorPose.setIdentity(); 
	pcl::RangeImage::CoordinateFrame coordinate_frame = pcl::RangeImage::CAMERA_FRAME;
	float noiseLevel=0.00;																	//成像时模拟噪声的水平
	float minRange = 0.0f;																	//成像时考虑该阈值外的点
	pcl::RangeImagePlanar::Ptr rangeImage(new pcl::RangeImagePlanar);
	rangeImage->createFromPointCloudWithFixedSize(*cloud,width,height,cx,cy,fx,fy,sensorPose,coordinate_frame);//深度图像生成
	std::cout << rangeImage << "\n";
	//convert unorignized point cloud to orginized point cloud end
	//viusalization of range image
	//深度图像可视化
	pcl::visualization::RangeImageVisualizer range_image_widget ("点云库PCL从入门到精通");
	range_image_widget.showRangeImage (*rangeImage);
	range_image_widget.setWindowTitle("点云库PCL从入门到精通");


	//triangulation based on range image
	/* 利用深度图像进行三角化类生成曲面模型 */
	pcl::OrganizedFastMesh<pcl::PointWithRange>::Ptr tri(new pcl::OrganizedFastMesh<pcl::PointWithRange>);	//创建模型对象指针
	pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointWithRange>::Ptr tree (new pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointWithRange>);		//创建ktree对象指针
	tree->setInputCloud(rangeImage);																		//树种输入深度图像
	pcl::PolygonMesh triangles;																				//创建多边形对象
	tri->setTrianglePixelSize(size);																		//控制重建曲面的精细化程度
	tri->setInputCloud(rangeImage);																			//多边形对象输入点云数据
	tri->setSearchMethod(tree);
	tri->setTriangulationType((pcl::OrganizedFastMesh<pcl::PointWithRange>::TriangulationType)type);		//设置三角化类型 枚举类
	tri->reconstruct(triangles);																			//执行重建
	//显示图形
	boost::shared_ptr<pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer> viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("点云库PCL从入门到精通"));
	viewer->setBackgroundColor(0.5,0.5,0.5);
	viewer->addPolygonMesh(triangles,"tin");
	viewer->addCoordinateSystem();
	while (!range_image_widget.wasStopped ()&&!viewer->wasStopped())
	{
		range_image_widget.spinOnce ();

		//pcl_sleep (0.01);
		viewer->spinOnce ();

	}
}

实验结果

  • 原始点云数据
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 深度图像
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 曲面重建后(实体表示)
    在这里插入图片描述

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