内存监控工具——jmap

内存监控工具——jmap

一、jmap的作用

监控内存内的Java对象

二、语法

jmap [option] < pid >
说明：
option：命令选项，

三、创建一个java程序

Test类为死循环，让这个程序一直运行。代码如下：

package com;

public class Test extends Thread{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Test t = new Test();
		long i = 1;
		while(true) {
			System.out.println("现在是：--->"+i);
			i++;
			try {
				t.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

四、jps

在cmd中使用jps命令用于输出JVM进程状态信息

C:\Users\99273>jps
11644
13212 Jps
14572 Test

五、jmap命令选项

-help/-h

jmap -h或jmap -help用于查看jmap所有可用命令及作用，如下所示：

C:\Users\99273>jmap -h
Usage:
    jmap [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jmap [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap
    -heap                to print java heap summary
    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"
                         suboption is specified, only count live objects
    -clstats             to print class loader statistics
    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization
    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format
                         dump-options:
                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,
                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.
                           format=b     binary format
                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>
                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>
    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo
                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not
                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported
                         in this mode.
    -h | -help           to print this help message
    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

C:\Users\99273>jmap -help
Usage:
    jmap [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jmap [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap
    -heap                to print java heap summary
    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"
                         suboption is specified, only count live objects
    -clstats             to print class loader statistics
    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization
    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format
                         dump-options:
                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,
                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.
                           format=b     binary format
                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>
                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>
    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo
                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not
                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported
                         in this mode.
    -h | -help           to print this help message
    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

-heap

打印Java堆概要信息，包括使用的GC算法、堆配置参数和各代中堆内存使用情况；

C:\Users\99273>jmap -heap 1740
Attaching to process ID 1740, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Client compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.131-b11

using thread-local object allocation.
Mark Sweep Compact GC

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 40
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 70
   MaxHeapSize              = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 5570560 (5.3125MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 89456640 (85.3125MB)
   OldSize                  = 11206656 (10.6875MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 12582912 (12.0MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 4294901760 (4095.9375MB)
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):
   capacity = 5046272 (4.8125MB)
   used     = 996840 (0.9506607055664062MB)
   free     = 4049432 (3.8618392944335938MB)
   19.753988687094157% used
Eden Space:
   capacity = 4521984 (4.3125MB)
   used     = 996840 (0.9506607055664062MB)
   free     = 3525144 (3.3618392944335938MB)
   22.04430621603261% used
From Space:
   capacity = 524288 (0.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 524288 (0.5MB)
   0.0% used
To Space:
   capacity = 524288 (0.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 524288 (0.5MB)
   0.0% used
tenured generation:
   capacity = 11206656 (10.6875MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 11206656 (10.6875MB)
   0.0% used

1623 interned Strings occupying 129264 bytes.

-histo[:live]

打印Java堆中对象直方图，通过该图可以获取每个class的对象数目，占用内存大小和类全名信息，带上:live，则只统计活着的对象，

C:\Users\99273>jmap -histo 1740

 num     #instances         #bytes  class name
----------------------------------------------
   1:          2371         291056  [C
   2:           153          83304  [I
   3:           510          49944  java.lang.Class
   4:          2126          34016  java.lang.String
   5:           538          29080  [Ljava.lang.Object;
   6:           835          26720  java.util.TreeMap$Entry
   7:            15          25072  [B
   8:           206           9888  java.nio.HeapCharBuffer
   9:           196           7296  [Ljava.lang.String;
…………
 193:             1              8  sun.misc.Unsafe
 194:             1              8  sun.net.www.protocol.file.Handler
 195:             1              8  sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory
Total          8473         606344

带上alive

C:\Users\99273>jmap -histo:live 1740

 num     #instances         #bytes  class name
----------------------------------------------
   1:          2165         280344  [C
   2:           510          49944  java.lang.Class
   3:          2023          32368  java.lang.String
   4:           538          29080  [Ljava.lang.Object;
   5:           835          26720  java.util.TreeMap$Entry
   6:            15          25072  [B
   7:           152          15368  [I
   8:           196           7296  [Ljava.lang.String;
   9:           256           4096  java.lang.Integer
  ……
 192:             1              8  sun.misc.Unsafe
 193:             1              8  sun.net.www.protocol.file.Handler
 194:             1              8  sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory
Total          7854         514512

class name列出现了[C、[B、[L等很奇怪的内容，这些属于非自定义类，具体为：

BaseType Character	Type	Interpretation
B	byte	signed byte
C	char	Unicode character
D	double	double-precision floating-point value
F	float	single-precision floating-point value
I	int	integer
J	long	long integer
L	reference	an instance of class
S	short	signed short
Z	boolean	true or false
[	reference	one array dimension

-permstat

打印永久代统计信息，注意：从JDK8开始，Metaspace(元空间)替代了永久代， 高版本jdk将得不到统计信息，

-finalizerinfo

打印等待回收的对象信息，如下命令：

C:\Users\99273>jmap -finalizerinfo 1740
Attaching to process ID 1740, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Client compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.131-b11
Number of objects pending for finalization: 0

Number of objects pending for finalization: 0 说明当前F-QUEUE队列中并没有等待Fializer线程执行finalizer方法的对象。

-dump:< dump-options >

-dump: 以hprof二进制格式将Java堆信息输出到文件内，该文件可以用MAT、VisualVM或jhat等工具查看；

dump-options选项:

live 只输出活着的对象;可选，不指定是，则输出堆中所有对象
format=b 指定输出格式为二进制
file=< file> 指定文件名及文件存储位置，例如：jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=D:\heap.bin < pid>