[ElasticSearch]Suggest查询建议(自动补全&纠错)

概述

搜索一般都会要求具有“搜索推荐”或者叫“搜索补全”的功能，即在用户输入搜索的过程中，进行自动补全或者纠错。以此来提高搜索文档的匹配精准度，进而提升用户的搜索体验，这就是Suggest。

四种Suggester

1 Term Suggester

Term Suggester: term suggester正如其名，只基于tokenizer之后的单个term去匹配建议词，并不会考虑多个term之间的关系，对给入的文本进行分词，为每个词进行模糊查询提供词项建议。(建议对搜索词进行长度控制，超过长度则不会进行TermSuggest，原因也是一般Term Suggester适用于单个词使用 把得分最高的推荐词进行返回代表纠错)

POST <index>/_search
{ 
  "suggest": {
    "<suggest_name>": {
      "text": "<search_content>",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "<suggest_mode>",
        "field": "<field_name>"
      }
    }
  }
}

2 Phrase Suggester

Phrase Suggester:phrase suggester和term suggester相比，对建议的文本会参考上下文，也就是一个句子的其他token，不只是单纯的token距离匹配，它可以基于共生和频率选出更好的建议。在term的基础上，会考量多个term之间的关系，比如是否同时出现在索引的原文里，相邻程度，以及词频等。

如果说term suggester建议处理单个词的纠错 那么Phrase Suggester就建议作为一整句话的纠错(返回值的suggest列表中返回的也是一整句话)

DELETE test
POST test/_bulk
{ "index" : { "_id":1} }
{"title": "lucene and elasticsearch"}
{ "index" : {"_id":2} }
{"title": "lucene and elasticsearhc"}
{ "index" : { "_id":3} }
{"title": "luceen and elasticsearch"}

POST test/_search
GET test/_mapping
POST test/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "text": "Luceen and elasticsearhc",
    "simple_phrase": {
      "phrase": {
        "field": "title.trigram",
        "max_errors": 2,
        "gram_size": 1,
        "confidence":0,
        "direct_generator": [
          {
            "field": "title.trigram",
            "suggest_mode": "always"
          }
        ],
        "highlight": {
          "pre_tag": "<em>",
          "post_tag": "</em>"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

3 completion suggester

自动补全，自动完成，支持三种查询【前缀查询（prefix）模糊查询（fuzzy）正则表达式查询（regex)】 ，主要针对的应用场景就是"Auto Completion"。 此场景下用户每输入一个字符的时候，就需要即时发送一次查询请求到后端查找匹配项，在用户输入速度较高的情况下对后端响应速度要求比较苛刻。因此实现上它和前面两个Suggester采用了不同的数据结构，索引并非通过倒排来完成，而是将analyze过的数据编码成FST和索引一起存放。对于一个open状态的索引，FST会被ES整个装载到内存里的，进行前缀查找速度极快。但是FST只能用于前缀查找，这也是Completion Suggester的局限所在。

DELETE suggest_carinfo
PUT suggest_carinfo
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
          "fields": {
            "suggest": {
              "type": "completion",
              "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
            }
          }
        },
        "content": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        }
      }
  }
}



POST _bulk
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":1}}
{"title":"宝马X5 两万公里准新车","content":"这里是宝马X5图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":2}}
{"title":"宝马5系","content":"这里是奥迪A6图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":3}}
{"title":"宝马3系","content":"这里是奔驰图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":4}}
{"title":"奥迪Q5 两万公里准新车","content":"这里是宝马X5图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":5}}
{"title":"奥迪A6 无敌车况","content":"这里是奥迪A6图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":6}}
{"title":"奥迪双钻","content":"这里是奔驰图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":7}}
{"title":"奔驰AMG 两万公里准新车","content":"这里是宝马X5图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":8}}
{"title":"奔驰大G 无敌车况","content":"这里是奥迪A6图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":9}}
{"title":"奔驰C260","content":"这里是奔驰图文描述"}
{"index":{"_index":"suggest_carinfo","_id":10}}
{"title":"nir奔驰C260","content":"这里是奔驰图文描述"}


GET suggest_carinfo/_search?pretty
{
  "suggest": {
    "car_suggest": {
      "prefix": "奥迪",
      "completion": {
        "field": "title.suggest"
      }
    }
  }
}

4 context suggester

完成建议者会考虑索引中的所有文档，但是通常来说，我们在进行智能推荐的时候最好通过某些条件过滤，并且有可能会针对某些特性提升权重。

# context suggester
# 定义一个名为 place_type 的类别上下文，其中类别必须与建议一起发送。
# 定义一个名为 location 的地理上下文，类别必须与建议一起发送
DELETE place
PUT place
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "suggest": {
        "type": "completion",
        "contexts": [
          {
            "name": "place_type",
            "type": "category"
          },
          {
            "name": "location",
            "type": "geo",
            "precision": 4
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT place/_doc/1
{
  "suggest": {
    "input": [ "timmy's", "starbucks", "dunkin donuts" ],
    "contexts": {
      "place_type": [ "cafe", "food" ]                    
    }
  }
}
PUT place/_doc/2
{
  "suggest": {
    "input": [ "monkey", "timmy's", "Lamborghini" ],
    "contexts": {
      "place_type": [ "money"]                    
    }
  }
}