nginx 初识
安装启动nginx
docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx -d nginx:1.10
docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx \
-v /mydata/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v /mydata/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx \
-v /mydata/nginx/conf/:/etc/nginx \
-d nginx:1.10
docker ps -a
docker update nginx --restart==always --设置开机自启
docker start nginx --启动
修改nginx配置
cd /mydate/nginx
cd conf
cd /mydate/nginx
vi nginx.conf
nginx.conf:
全局块:配置影响nginx全局的指令。如:用户组,nginx进程pid存放路径,日志存放路径,配置文件引入,允许生成worker process故障等
events块:配置影响 Nginx 服务器与用户的网络连接,常用的设置包括是否开启对多 work process下的网络连接进行序列化,是否允许同时接收多个网络连接,选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求,每个 word process 可以同时支持的最大连接数等。
http块:
http全局块:配置的指令包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE 定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等。错误页面等
server块:这块和虚拟主机有密切关系,虚拟主机从用户角度看,和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样的。每个 http 块可以包括多个 server 块,而每个 server 块就相当于一个虚拟主机。
使用
1.本机设置域名解析 反向代理(server块)
本机正向代理
修改本机host文件 ,添加一行192.168.56.10 gulimall.com
192.168.56.10 gulimall.com
这行的作用是通过本机host解析将请求gulimall.com转为192.168.56.10
后期服务注册公网域名就由公网DNS解析
192.168.56.10为我虚拟机配置
虚拟机server解析在/mydata/nginx/cof/conf.d 。新增一个配置
由于默认域名都是发送到80端口,nginx启动后我们发送gulimall.com
经过本地host解析变为192.168.56.10:80.
被虚拟机192.168.56.10上监听80端口的gulimall.com捕获。
再将请求转为http://192.168.56.1:10000。最终实现正向和反向代理
server {
listen 80;
server_name gulimall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
#又转回到本机
proxy_pass http://192.168.56.1:10000;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
2.负载均衡
先修改总的nginx配置
/mydata/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
添加网关配置
upstream gulimall{
# 88是我本机网关
server 192.168.56.1:88;
}
具体配置
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream gulimall{
# 88是网关,如果有多个就继续写多个server标签 如 server 192.xx.xxx.xx
server 192.168.56.1:88;
}
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
然后修改/mydata/nginx/cof/conf.d下的 *.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name gulimall.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://gulimall;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
将反向代理指向网关
坑:nginx转发给网关的时候会丢掉host,所以网关解析会解析不到
将丢失的请求头再次发送 proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
网关加上host分配
- id: gulimall_host_route
uri: lb://gulimall-product
predicates:
- Host=**.gulimall.com
流程总结:先DNS域名解析ip,然后向ip发送请求,也就是nginx。nginx将请求转为gulimall server组,并带上host请求头。gulimall server组存放相关网关地址,网关接收到请求和请求头,根据网关配置和断言判断确切url进行请求。
all-product
predicates:
- Host=**.gulimall.com