python模拟简单线性回归

通过输入已有的数值对（x，y），建立模型，再次输入x的值时可以预测y的值

 

代码如下：

from math import sqrt
from random import seed
from random import randrange
from csv import reader
from math import sqrt
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

#计算平均值
def mean(values):
    return sum(values) / float(len(values))


# 计算方差
def variance(values, mean):
    return sum([(x - mean) ** 2 for x in values])


#计算协方差
def convariance(x, mean_x, y, mean_y):
    convar = 0.0
    for i in range(len(x)):
        convar += (x[i] - mean_x) * (y[i] - mean_y)
    return convar

#计算回归系数函数
def coefficients(dataset):
    x = [row[0] for row in dataset]
    y = [row[1] for row in dataset]
    x_mean, y_mean = mean(x), mean(y)
    w1 = convariance(x, x_mean, y, y_mean) / variance(x, x_mean)
    w0 = y_mean - w1 * x_mean
    return w0, w1


#构建简单的线性回归
def simple_linear_regression(train, test):
    predict = list()         #构建空列表
    w0, w1 = coefficients(train)  #从训练集合中获取回归系数

    global  w_k
    w_k = w1
    global  w_b
    w_b = w0

    for row in test:                   #从测试集中读取每一个不同的x
        y_model = w1 * row[0] + w0    #用模型预测y
        predict.append(y_model)     #记录每一个预测值y
    return predict


#计算均方根误差RMSE
def rmse_metric(actual, predicted):
    sum_error = 0.0
    for i in range(len(actual)):
        prediction_error = predicted[i] - actual[i]
        sum_error += (prediction_error ** 2)
    mean_error = sum_error / float(len(actual))
    return sqrt(mean_error)


#评估算法数据准备及协调
def evaluate_algorithm(dataset, algorithm):
    test_set = list()
    for row in dataset:
        row_copy = list(row)
        row_copy[-1] = None
        test_set.append(row_copy)
    predicted = algorithm(dataset, test_set)
    for val in predicted:
        print('%.3f\t' % val)

    actual = [row[-1] for row in dataset]
    rmse = rmse_metric(actual, predicted)
    return rmse


#导入CSV文件
def load_csv(filename):
    dataset = list()
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as file:
            csv_reader = reader(file)
            #读取表头X,Y
            heading = next(csv_reader)
            #将文件指针下移至第一条真正的数据
            for row in csv_reader:
                if not row :   #判定是否有空行，如果有，则跳入下一行，继续读取数据
                    continue
                dataset.append(row)
    except IOError as err:
        print("file error :",str(err))
    return dataset


#将字符串列转换为浮点数
def str_column_to_float(dataset, column):
    for row in dataset:
        row[column] = float(row[column].strip())


#将数据集分割为训练集合和测试两部分
def train_test_split(dataset, percent):
    train = list()
    train_size = percent * len(dataset)
    dataset_copy = list(dataset)
    while len(train) < train_size:
        index = randrange(len(dataset_copy))
        train.append(dataset_copy.pop(index))
    return train, dataset_copy


#使用分隔开的训练集合和测试集合运行评估算法
def evaluate_algorithm(dataset, algorithm, split_percent, *args):
    train, test = train_test_split(dataset, split_percent)
    test_set = list()
    for row in test :
        row_copy = list(row)
        row_copy[-1] = None
        test_set.append(row_copy)
    predicted = algorithm(train, test_set, *args)
    actual = [row[-1] for row in test]
    rmse = rmse_metric(actual, predicted)
    return rmse

def visualization(dateset):
    fig = plt.figure()
    # 画图区域分成1行1列。选择第一块区域。
    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

    x = [row[0] for row in dataset]
    y = [row[1] for row in dataset]
    ax1.plot(x, y,'bs')

    x_1 = np.linspace(min(x),max(x))
    y_1 = x_1 * w_k + w_b
    ax1.plot(x_1,y_1)
    plt.grid()
    plt.show()


#设置随机数种子，为随机数训练和测试数据集做准备
seed(2)

#导入保险数据并做数据分割准备
filename = 'insurance.csv'
dataset = load_csv(filename)
print(dataset)
for col in range(len(dataset[0])):
    str_column_to_float(dataset, col)

#设置数据集合分割百分比
percent = 0.6

rmse = evaluate_algorithm(dataset, simple_linear_regression, percent)
print('RMSE : %.3f' %  rmse)
visualization(dataset)
# dataset = [[1.2, 1.1], [2.4, 3.5], [4.1, 3.2], [3.4, 2.8], [5, 5.4]]
# x = [row[0] for row in dataset]
# y = [row[1] for row in dataset]
# mean_x, mean_y = mean(x), mean(y)       #获取均值
# var_x, var_y = variance(x, mean_x), variance(y, mean_y)
# convar = convariance(x, mean_x, y, mean_y)       #获取协方差
#
# print('x的统计特性：均值 = % .3f 方差 = %.3f' % (mean_x, var_x))
# print('y的统计特性：均值 = % .3f 方差 = %.3f' % (mean_y, var_y))
# print('协方差 = ：%.3f' % convar)
#
# w0, w1 = coefficients(dataset)
# print('回归系数分别为： w0 = %.3f, w1 = %.3f' % (w0, w1))
#
# rmse = evaluate_algorithm(dataset, simple_linear_regression)
# print('RMSE : %.3f' % rmse)

 

代码中的insurance.csv文件需要与代码文件在同一个目录下

文件内容如下：

 

运行结果：