应用权限 Android权限 权限等级 普通权限 敏感权限 申请权限

应用权限

由于应用中会集成

权限列表

权限等级

Android权限分为两种，normal和dangerous。normal为普通权限，不需要程序动态申请，在Manifest中声明就可以。dangerous为敏感权限，需要程序动态申请。

普通 normal

QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES

public static final String QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES

Allows query of any normal app on the device, regardless of manifest declarations.

Protection level: normal

Constant Value: "android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"

敏感 dangerous

POST_NOTIFICATIONS

public static final String POST_NOTIFICATIONS

Allows an app to post notifications

Protection level: dangerous

Constant Value: "android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"

位置权限

当应用请求 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 权限或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限时（如以下代码段所示），就是在声明需要获取前台位置信息：

<manifest ... >
  <!-- Always include this permission -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

  <!-- Include only if your app benefits from precise location access. -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
</manifest>

权限

权限分为清单文件配置权限以及运行时权限。

1. android 6.0之前，所有的权限在Manifest中声明就可以了。
2. android 6.0之后，推出了运行时权限。首先，需要应用在Manifest中配置权限，其次，需要动态获取权限，弹出系统弹窗后，用户点击同意才会获取到权限。

运行时权限申请流程

1. 检测应用是否已经拥有此权限。
2. 如果应用已经具备此权限，不做特殊处理，如果没有拥有权限，则弹出系统弹窗申请权限。（用户拒绝两次系统弹窗之后便不会再弹窗了。）
3. 根据用户对系统弹窗选择同意或者拒绝进行操作。

网络分类

网络权限

 网络权限
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
 查看网络状态权限
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />

有了查看网络状态权限之后，就可以获取网络信息了。

网络权限使用示例

NetworkInfo activeNetworkInfo = systemService.getActiveNetworkInfo();

需要ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE权限。

扩展

Android使用明文传输http需要的配置

如果使用http进行信息的传递，需要在manifest的application中进行以下说明：

        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

<application
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        android:name=".JJApmApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.JJAPMSDK">

实践

检查用户授权

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == requestStorePermissionCode) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 用户授权了权限
                // 执行相应操作
                ToastUtil.showToast(activity,"用户授予了存储权限");
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝了权限
                // 执行相应操作
                ToastUtil.showToast(activity,"用户拒绝授予存储权限");
            }
        }
    }

运行时权限申请实践

主程序如下：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
	private String TAG = "JJStudy.callBack";
	private Button goAddressBook;
    private Button goPhotoLibrary;


    private String[] permission_SMS = {
            Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS,
            Manifest.permission.READ_SMS
    };

    private int permission_SMS_code = 10011;
	
	@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();

        goAddressBook.setOnClickListener(this);
        goPhotoLibrary.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void initView() {
        switchBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.switch_btn);
        goAddressBook = (Button) findViewById(R.id.goAddressBook);
        goPhotoLibrary = (Button) findViewById(R.id.goPhotoLibrary);
    }

	
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.goAddressBook:

                if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this,permission_SMS)){
                    // 已授权
                    Log.i(TAG,"已经收到授权！！！！");
                }else {
                    // 未授权
                    PermissionUtil.requestPermission(this,permission_SMS,permission_SMS_code);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.goPhotoLibrary:
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == permission_SMS_code){
            if (PermissionUtil.checkGranted(grantResults)){
                // 授权成功
                Log.i(TAG,"granted after system pop...");
            }else {
                // 用户未授权
                Log.i(TAG,"not granted after system pop...");
            }
        }
    }
}

工具类如下，：

package com.hp.interfacecallback;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;

import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

public class PermissionUtil {
    public static boolean checkPermission(Activity activity, String permission) {
        return checkPermission(activity, new String[]{permission});
    }

    public static boolean checkPermission(Activity activity, String[] permissions) {
        boolean result = true;
        int permissionGranted = PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
            permissionGranted = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permissions[i]);
            /**
             * 检测所有申请的权限是否都已经授权，没有跳出循环
             */
            if (permissionGranted == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                result = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }


    public static void requestPermission(Activity activity, String[] permissions,int requestCode){
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode);
    }


    public static boolean checkGranted(int[] grantResults) {
        if (null == grantResults || grantResults.length == 0){
            return true;
        }
        boolean granted = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
            if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
                granted = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        return granted;
    }
}