当使用损失函数的时候,调用损失函数的backward进行反向传播,可以求出每一个需要调节的参数对应的梯度,接着利用优化器对参数进行调整,使得误差降低。
代码
import torch
import torchvision
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import Sequential, Conv2d, MaxPool2d, Flatten, Linear
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
# 加载数据
dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10("./dataset", train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor())
dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=1)
class Tudui(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Tudui, self).__init__()
self.model1 = Sequential(
Conv2d(3, 32, 5, padding=2),
MaxPool2d(2),
Conv2d(32, 32, 5, padding=2),
MaxPool2d(2),
Conv2d(32, 64, 5, padding=2),
MaxPool2d(2),
Flatten(),
Linear(1024, 64),
Linear(64, 10)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.model1(x)
return x
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
tudui = Tudui()
# 定义优化器(模型参数,学习率)
optim = torch.optim.SGD(tudui.parameters(), lr=0.01)
# 训练20轮
for epoch in range(20):
running_loss = 0.0
for data in dataloader:
imgs, targets = data
outputs = tudui(imgs)
result_loss = loss(outputs, targets)
# 梯度清零
optim.zero_grad()
# 反向传播求梯度
result_loss.backward()
# 调用优化器
optim.step()
# 求每一轮的loss
running_loss = running_loss + result_loss
print(running_loss)
结果
可以看到Loss越来越小