一. 列表的创建
- 数组:存储同一种数据类型的集合 scores = [1,2,3]
- 列表:可以存储任意数据类型的集合
a = [1,2.2,True,'hello']
print(a,type(a))
输出结果:
[1, 2.2, True, 'hello'] <class 'list'>
In [1]: name1 = 'tom'
In [2]: name2 = 'Tony'
In [3]: name3 = 'coco'
In [4]: name1
Out[4]: 'tom'
In [5]: name2
Out[5]: 'Tony'
In [6]: name3
Out[6]: 'coco'
In [7]:
In [7]: name = ['tom','Tony','coco']
In [8]:
In [8]: name
Out[8]: ['tom', 'Tony', 'coco']
In [9]: type(name)
Out[9]: list
- 列表里也可以嵌套列表(列表:本身也是一种数据类型)
li = [1,2,3,False,'python',[1,2,3,4,5]]
print(li,type(li))
输出结果:
[1, 2, 3, False, 'python', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]] <class 'list'>
- 随机输出一个乱序的列表
import random
li = list(range(10))
# 快速生成列表
random.shuffle(li)
print(li)
结果:
[6,4,5,3,9,8,1,0,7,2] ##乱序
二. 列表的特性
- 索引
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
print(service[0])
print(service[-1])
输出结果:
http
ftp
- 切片
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
print(service[1:])
print(service[:-1])
print(service[::-1])
输出结果:
['ssh', 'ftp']
['http', 'ssh']
['ftp', 'ssh', 'http']
- 重复
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
print(service * 3)
输出结果:
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
- 连接
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
service1 = ['mysql','firewalld']
print(service + service1)
输出结果:
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'mysql', 'firewalld']
- 成员操作符
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
print('firewalld' in service)
print('firewalld' in service1)
输出结果:
False
True
- for循环 (迭代)
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
for se in service:
print(se)
输出结果:
http
ssh
ftp
- 列表里嵌套列表
service2 = [['http',80],['ssh',22],['ftp',21]]
#1.索引
print(service2[1][1])
print(service2[-1][1])
#2.切片
print(service2[:][1])
print(service2[:-1][0])
print(service2[::-1][0])
print(service2[0][:-1])
输出结果:
22
21
['ssh', 22]
['http', 80]
['ftp', 21]
['http']
练习:
- 根据用于指定月份,打印该月份所属的季节。
- 提示: 3,4,5 春季 6,7,8 夏季 9,10,11 秋季 12, 1, 2 冬季
month = int(input('Month:'))
if month in [3,4,5]:
print('春季')
elif month in [6,7,8]:
print('夏季')
elif month in [9,10,11]:
print('秋季')
elif month in [12,1,2]:
print('冬季')
else:
print('输入不合法')
2.假设有下面这样的列表:
names = ['fentiao','fendai','fensi','apple']
输出结果为:'I have fentiao, fendai, fensi and apple.'
names = ['fentiao','fendai','fensi','apple']
print('I have ' + ','.join(names[:-1]) + ' and ' + names[-1])
三、列表的增加,删除,修改,查看
1. 列表的增加
- 1用+[’’]的方式
- append(‘元素’)追加一个元素
- extend([‘元素1’,'元素2 '])追加多个元素
- insert(索引值,‘元素’)
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
#1.
print(service + ['firewalld'])
#2.append:追加一个元素到列表中
service.append('firewalld')
print(service)
#3.extend:拉伸 追加多个元素到列表中
service.extend(['mysql','firewalld'])
print(service)
#4.insert:在指定索引位置插入元素
service.insert(1,'samba')
print(service)
结果:
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'firewalld']
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'firewalld']
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'firewalld', 'mysql', 'firewalld']
['http', 'samba', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'firewalld', 'mysql', 'firewalld']
2. 列表的删除
- pop() 弹出最后一个元素
- pop(1) 弹出索引值为1的元素
- remove(‘元素’) 移除元素
- clear() 清空列表里所有元素
- del(python关键字) 从内存中删除列表
(1)pop
In [12]: service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
In [13]:
In [13]: service.pop()
Out[13]: 'ftp'
In [14]: service
Out[14]: ['http', 'ssh']
In [15]: service.pop()
Out[15]: 'ssh'
In [16]: service
Out[16]: ['http']
In [17]: service.pop()
Out[17]: 'http'
In [18]: service
Out[18]: []
In [19]: service.pop()
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-19-d8278ea86206> in <module>
----> 1 service.pop()
IndexError: pop from empty list
(2)remove
#remove:删除指定元素
service = ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
a = service.remove('ssh')
print(service)
print(a)
结果:
['http', 'ftp']
None
(3)clear
service = ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
service.clear() #清空列表里面的所有元素
print(service)
结果:
[]
(4)del
service = ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
print(service)
del service
print(service)
结果:
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/kiosk/PycharmProjects/westos/hui.py", line 12, in <module>
print(service)
NameError: name 'service' is not defined
service = ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
print(service)
del service[1]
print(service)
结果:
['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']
['http', 'ftp']
3. 列表的修改
(1)通过索引,重新赋值
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
service[0] = 'mysql'
print(service)
结果:
['mysql', 'ssh', 'ftp']
(2)通过切片
service = ['http','ssh','ftp']
print(service[:2])
service[:2] = ['samba','ldap']
print(service)
结果:
['mysql', 'ssh']
['samba', 'ldap', 'ftp']
4. 列表的查看
(1)查看出现的次数
service = ['ftp','http','ssh','ftp']
print(service.count('ftp'))
结果:
2
(2)查看指定元素的索引值(可以指定索引范围查看)
service = ['ftp','http','ssh','ftp']
print(service.index('ssh'))
print(service.index('ftp',0,3))列表的查看
结果:
2
0
四、列表中的排序
- ASCII顺序查看:
service = ['ftp','http','ssh','ftp']
#排序查看 按照ASCII顺序
service.sort()
print(service)
结果:
['ftp', 'ftp', 'http', 'ssh']
- 逆序排序
service = ['ftp','http','ssh','ftp']
service.sort(reverse=True)
print(service)
结果:
['ssh', 'http', 'ftp', 'ftp']
In [24]: names = ['alice','bob','harry','Borry']
In [25]: names.sort()
In [26]: names
Out[26]: ['Borry', 'alice', 'bob', 'harry']
In [27]: names.sort(key=str.lower)
In [28]: names
Out[28]: ['alice', 'bob', 'Borry', 'harry']
In [29]: names.sort(key=str.upper)
In [30]: names
Out[30]: ['alice', 'bob', 'Borry', 'harry']
- 打乱列表顺序
import random
li = list(range(10))
print(li)
#将原有的列表顺序打乱
random.shuffle(li)
print(li)
结果:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[8, 2, 5, 1, 9, 7, 3, 6, 0, 4]