urllib.error.URLError: urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]

当目标网站使用的是自签名的证书时就会抛出一个 urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)> 的错误消息

解决方案包括下列两种方式（以预加载resnet的预训练模型为例子）：

1. 使用ssl创建未经验证的上下文，在urlopen中传入上下文参数
   打开resnet.py

# 加入下面两行代码
import ssl
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
#

model_urls = {
    'resnet18': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet18-5c106cde.pth',
    'resnet34': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet34-333f7ec4.pth',
    'resnet50': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet50-19c8e357.pth',
    'resnet101': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet101-5d3b4d8f.pth',
    'resnet152': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet152-b121ed2d.pth',
    'resnext50_32x4d': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnext50_32x4d-7cdf4587.pth',
    'resnext101_32x8d': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnext101_32x8d-8ba56ff5.pth',
    'wide_resnet50_2': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/wide_resnet50_2-95faca4d.pth',
    'wide_resnet101_2': 'https://download.pytorch.org/models/wide_resnet101_2-32ee1156.pth',
}

2. 全局取消证书验证
   在resnet.py加入

import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context