北邮《面向对象程序设计与实践-2022春》基础实验

1、C++基础知识实验

编写C++程序完成“矩阵”以下功能:

(1) 假定矩阵大小为 4×5(整型);

(2) 矩阵空间采用 new 动态申请,保存在指针中;

(3) 定义矩阵初始化函数,可以从 cin 中输入矩阵元素;

(4) 定义矩阵输出函数,将矩阵格式化输出到 cout;

(5) 定义矩阵相加的函数,实现两个矩阵相加的功能,结果保存在另一个矩阵中;

(6) 定义矩阵相减的函数,实现两个矩阵相减的功能,结果保存在另一个矩阵中;

(7) 动态申请三个矩阵:A1、A2、A3;

(8) 初始化 A1、A2;

(9) 计算并输出 A3 = A1 加 A2,A3 = A1 减 A2;

(10) 释放矩阵空间。

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

#define MATRIX_ROW 4
#define MATRIX_COL 5

void initMatrix(int (*matrix)[MATRIX_COL]){
    for(int i = 0; i < MATRIX_ROW; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < MATRIX_COL; ++j){
            cin >> *(*(matrix + i) + j);
        }
    }
};
void printMatrix(int (*matrix)[MATRIX_COL]){
    for(int i = 0; i < MATRIX_ROW; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < MATRIX_COL; ++j){
            cout << setw(5) << *(*(matrix + i) + j) << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
};
void matrixPlus(int (*matrix1)[MATRIX_COL], int (*matrix2)[MATRIX_COL], int (*matrix3)[MATRIX_COL]){
    int **matrix = new int *[MATRIX_COL];
    for(int i = 0; i < MATRIX_ROW; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < MATRIX_COL; ++j){
            *(*(matrix3 + i) + j) = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
        }
    }
};
void matrixMinus(int (*matrix1)[MATRIX_COL], int (*matrix2)[MATRIX_COL], int (*matrix3)[MATRIX_COL]){
    int **matrix = new int *[MATRIX_COL];
    for(int i = 0; i < MATRIX_ROW; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < MATRIX_COL; ++j){
            *(*(matrix3 + i) + j) = *(matrix1 + i)[j] - matrix2[i][j];;
        }
    }
};
int main(){
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    // 数组指针
    int (*matrix_A1)[MATRIX_COL] = new int [MATRIX_ROW][MATRIX_COL];
    int (*matrix_A2)[MATRIX_COL] = new int [MATRIX_ROW][MATRIX_COL];
    int (*matrix_A3)[MATRIX_COL] = new int [MATRIX_ROW][MATRIX_COL];
    cout << "请输入矩阵A1(4×5)的元素:" << endl;
    initMatrix(matrix_A1);
    cout << "请输入矩阵A2(4×5)的元素:" << endl;
    initMatrix(matrix_A2);
    cout << "矩阵A1(4×5)如下所示:" << endl;
    printMatrix(matrix_A1);
    cout << "矩阵A1(4×5)如下所示:" << endl;
    printMatrix(matrix_A2);
    cout << "矩阵A1和矩阵A2相加结果:" << endl;
    matrixPlus(matrix_A1, matrix_A2, matrix_A3);
    printMatrix(matrix_A3);
    cout << "矩阵A1和矩阵A2相减结果:" << endl;
    matrixMinus(matrix_A1, matrix_A2, matrix_A3);
    printMatrix(matrix_A3);
    delete matrix_A1;
    delete matrix_A2;
    delete matrix_A3;
    return 0;
}

2、类与对象实验

2.1编写C++程序完成“圆形”以下功能:

(1) 定义一个 Point 类,其属性包括点的坐标,提供计算两点之间距离的方法; (要求当用户不输入坐标数据时,能够默认为坐标原点(0,0))

(2) 定义一个圆形类,其属性包括圆心和半径;

(3) 创建两个圆形对象,提示用户输入圆心坐标和半径,判断两个圆是否相交, 并输出结果;

(4) 观察圆形对象以及 Point 类成员的构造函数与析构函数的调用。

(提示及要求:1,可通过在构造与析构函数中加入输出提示信息的方式观察 相关调用;可以使用 system("pause")进行程序的暂停;2,能够理解并说明每 一次构造与析构函数调用是哪个对象的调用,并观察和解释相关调用顺序及 其原因)

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
class Point{
    public:
        Point();
        Point(int x, int y);
        Point(const Point& p);
        ~ Point();
        double distance(Point p);
        int getX();
        int getY();
        void setX(int x);
        void setY(int y);
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
};
Point::Point(){
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Point()"<<endl;
    // cout << "调用无参构造函数Point()"<< x << y <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Point::Point(int x, int y){
    this->x = x;
    this->y = y;
    cout << "调用构造函数Point(double x, double y)"<<endl;
    // cout << "调用构造函数Point(double x, double y)"<< x << y <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Point::Point(const Point& p){
    x = p.x;
    y = p.y;
    cout << "调用拷贝构造函数Point(Point& p)" <<endl;
    // cout << "调用拷贝构造函数Point(Point& p)" << x << y <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Point::~Point(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Point()" <<endl;
    // cout << "调用析构函数~Point()" << x << y <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Point::distance(Point p){
    return sqrt( pow(p.x - x, 2) + pow(p.y - y, 2) );
}
int Point::getX(){
    return x;
}
int Point::getY(){
    return y;
}
void Point::setX(int x){
    this->x = x;
}
void Point::setY(int y){
    this->y = y;
}
class Circle{
    public:
        Circle();
        Circle(Point center, int redius);
        Circle(const Circle & c);
        ~Circle();
        Point* getCenter();
        int getRadius();
        void setRadius(int radius);
    private:
        Point center;
        int radius;
};
Circle::Circle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Circle()" <<endl;
    center = Point();
    // center = Point(1,1);
    radius = 0;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::Circle(Point center, int radius):center(center){
    radius = radius;
    cout << "调用构造函数Circle(Point center, double redius)" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::Circle(const Circle & c){
    center = c.center;
    radius = c.radius;
    cout << "调用拷贝构造函数Circle(Circle & c)" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::~Circle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Circle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Point* Circle::getCenter(){
    return &center;
}
int Circle::getRadius(){
    return radius;
}
void Circle::setRadius(int radius){
    this->radius = radius;
}
int main()
{
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    cout<< "开始创建c1" <<endl;
    Circle c1;
    cout<< "开始创建c2" <<endl;
    Circle c2;
    Point *c1Center = c1.getCenter();
    Point *c2Center = c2.getCenter();
    int tempX, tempY, tempR;
    cout<< "请输入c1的圆心和半径:" <<endl;
    cin>> tempX >> tempY >> tempR;
    (*c1Center).setX(tempX);
    (*c1Center).setY(tempY);
    c1.setRadius(tempR);
    cout<< "请输入c2的圆心和半径:" <<endl;
    cin>> tempX >> tempY >> tempR;
    (*c2Center).setX(tempX);
    (*c2Center).setY(tempY);
    c2.setRadius(tempR);
    bool intersect = (*c1Center).distance(*c2Center) <= c1.getRadius() + c2.getRadius();
    if(intersect){
        cout<<"两圆相交!"<<endl;
    }else{
        cout<<"两圆不相交!"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

2.2 编写C++程序完成“矩阵”类以下功能:

(1) 用类来实现矩阵,定义一个矩阵的类,属性包括:

  • 矩阵大小,用 lines, rows(行、列来表示);
  • 存贮矩阵的数组指针,根据矩阵大小动态申请(new)。

(2) 矩阵类的方法包括:

  • 构造函数,参数是矩阵大小,需要动态申请存贮矩阵的数组;
  • 析构函数,需要释放矩阵的数组指针;
  • 拷贝构造函数,需要申请和复制数组;
  • 输入,可以从 cin 中输入矩阵元素;
  • 输出,将矩阵格式化输出到 cout;
  • 矩阵相加的函数,实现两个矩阵相加的功能,结果保存在另一个矩阵类, 但必须矩阵大小相同;
  • 矩阵相减的函数,实现两个矩阵相减的功能,结果保存在另一个矩阵类, 但必须矩阵大小相同。

(3) 定义三个矩阵:A1、A2、A3;

(4) 初始化 A1、A2; 2

(5) 计算并输出 A3 = A1 加 A2,A3=A1 减 A2;(要求及提示:最好能实现对赋值 操作符“=”的重载;注意检查“自赋值”、释放“旧元素”)

(6) 用 new 动态创建三个矩阵类的对象:pA1、pA1、pA3;

(7) 初始化 pA1、pA2;

(8) 计算并输出 pA3=pA1 加 pA2,pA3=pA1 减 pA2;

(9) 释放 pA1、pA2、pA3。

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Matrix{
    public:
        Matrix(int row, int col, int *matrix);
        Matrix(Matrix& m);
        Matrix operator=(const Matrix &m);
        Matrix operator+(Matrix &m);
        Matrix operator-(Matrix &m);
        ~ Matrix();
        int getRow();
        int getCol();
        void initMatrix();
        Matrix matrixPlus(Matrix m);
        Matrix matrixMinus(Matrix m);
        void printMatrix();
    private:
        int row;
        int col;
        int *matrix;
};
Matrix::Matrix(int row = 0, int col = 0, int *matrix = nullptr){
    this->row = row;
    this->col = col;
    this->matrix = new int[row*col];
    if(matrix != nullptr){
        for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
            this->matrix[i] = matrix[i];
        }
    }
}
Matrix::Matrix(Matrix& m){
    row = m.row;
    col = m.col;
    matrix = new int[row*col];
    for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
        matrix[i] = m.matrix[i];
    }
}
Matrix Matrix::operator=(const Matrix &m){
    if(this == &m){
        return *this; //自赋值
    }
    delete[] this->matrix; //释放“旧元素”
    this->row = m.row;
    this->col = m.col;
    this->matrix = new int[this->row*this->col];
    for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
        matrix[i] = m.matrix[i];
    }
    return *this;
}
Matrix::~Matrix(){
    delete[] matrix;
}
int Matrix::getRow(){
    return row;
}
int Matrix::getCol(){
    return col;
}
void Matrix::initMatrix(){
    cout << "请输入矩阵的行数和列数:" << endl;
    cin >> row;
    cin >> col;
    delete[] this->matrix;
    matrix = new int[row*col];
    cout << "请输入矩阵"<<row<<"×"<<col<<"的元素:" << endl;
    for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
        cin >> matrix[i];
    }
    
}
Matrix Matrix::operator + (Matrix& m){
    if(row != m.row || col != m.col){
        cout<< "矩阵大小不相同,无法进行计算!" <<endl;
        return m;
    }
    Matrix res(row,col);
    for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
        res.matrix[i] = matrix[i] + m.matrix[i];
    }
    return res;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator - (Matrix& m){
    if(row != m.row || col != m.col){
        cout<< "矩阵大小不相同,无法进行计算!" <<endl;
        return m;
    }
    Matrix res(row,col);
    for(int i=0;i<row*col;++i){
        res.matrix[i] = matrix[i] - m.matrix[i];
    }
    return res;
}
void Matrix::printMatrix(){
    for(int i = 0; i <row; ++i){
        for(int j = 0; j < col; ++j){
            cout << setw(5) << matrix[i*col+j]<< " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    Matrix A1,A2,A3;
    A1.initMatrix();//初始化
    A2.initMatrix();
    cout << "矩阵A1("<<A1.getRow()<<"×"<<A1.getCol()<<")如下所示:" << endl;
    A1.printMatrix();
    cout << "矩阵A2("<<A2.getRow()<<"×"<<A2.getCol()<<")如下所示:" << endl;
    A2.printMatrix();
    A3 = A1 + A2;
    cout << "矩阵A1和矩阵A2相加结果:" << endl;
    A3.printMatrix();
    A3 = A1 - A2;
    cout << "矩阵A1和矩阵A2相减结果:" << endl;
    A3.printMatrix();

    Matrix* pA1 = new Matrix();
    Matrix* pA2 = new Matrix();
    Matrix* pA3 = new Matrix();
    (*pA1).initMatrix();
    (*pA2).initMatrix();
    cout << "矩阵pA1("<<(*pA1).getRow()<<"×"<<(*pA1).getCol()<<")如下所示:" << endl;
    (*pA1).printMatrix();
    cout << "矩阵pA2("<<(*pA2).getRow()<<"×"<<(*pA2).getCol()<<")如下所示:" << endl;
    (*pA2).printMatrix();
    (*pA3)=(*pA1)+(*pA2);
    cout << "矩阵pA1和矩阵pA2相加结果:" << endl;
    (*pA3).printMatrix();
    (*pA3)=(*pA1)-(*pA2);
    cout << "矩阵pA1和矩阵pA2相减结果:" << endl;
    (*pA3).printMatrix();
    delete pA1;
    delete pA2;
    delete pA3;
    return 0;
}

3、继承与派生实验

编写C++程序完成“形状”的以下功能:

(1) 声明一个基类 Shape(形状),其中包含一个方法来计算面积;

(2) 从 Shape 派生两个类:矩形类和圆形类;

(3) 从矩形类派生正方形类;

(4) 分别实现派生类构造函数、析构函数和其他方法;

(5) 创建派生类的对象,观察构造函数、析构函数调用次序;

(提示及要求:1,可通过在构造与析构函数中加入输出提示信息的方式观察 相关调用;可以使用 system("pause")进行程序的暂停;2,能够理解并说明每 一次构造与析构函数调用是哪个对象的调用,并观察和解释相关调用顺序及 其原因)

(6) 对不同对象计算面积。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

# define PI 3.14159
class Shape{
    public:
        Shape();
        double area();
};
Shape::Shape(){
    
}
double Shape::area(){
    cout<<"调用基函数的面积计算方法!"<<endl;
    return 0;
}
class Rectangle : public Shape{
    public:
        Rectangle();
        Rectangle(int l, int w);
        ~Rectangle();
        double area();
    private:
        int length;
        int width;
};
Rectangle::Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Rectangle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::Rectangle(int l, int w){
    length = l;
    width = w;
    cout << "调用构造函数Rectangle(int l, int w)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::~Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Rectangle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Rectangle::area(){
    cout << "长方形的长和宽分别为:" << length << "," << width << "。" <<endl;
    cout << "长方形的面积为:" << length * width <<endl;
    return length * width;
}
class Circle : public Shape{
    public:
        Circle();
        Circle(int r);
        ~Circle();
        double area();
    private:
        int radius;
};
Circle::Circle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Circle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::Circle(int r){
    radius = r;
    cout << "调用构造函数Circle(int r)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    
}
Circle::~Circle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Circle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Circle::area(){
    cout << "圆形的半径为:" << radius <<endl;
    cout << "圆形的面积为:" << PI * radius * radius <<endl;
    return PI * radius * radius;
}
class Square : public Rectangle{
    public:
        Square();
        Square(int l);
        ~Square();
        double area();
    private:
        int length;
};
Square::Square(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Square()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::Square(int l){
    length = l;
    cout << "调用构造函数Square(int l)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::~Square(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Square()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Square::area(){
    cout << "正方形的边长为:" << length <<endl;
    cout << "正方形的面积为:" << length * length <<endl;
    return length * length;
}

int main(){
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    Rectangle r(10,5);
    Circle c(5);
    Square s(7);
    r.area();
    c.area();
    s.area();
    return 0;
}

4、I/O 流实验

编写 C++程序完成猜价格游戏的以下功能:

(1) 假定有一件商品,程序用随机数指定该商品的价格(1-1000 的整数);

(2) 提示用户猜价格,并输入:若用户猜的价格比商品价格高或低,对用户作出 相应的提示;

(3) 直到猜对为止,并给出提示。

(提示及要求:1,要求使用 C++的输入输出方式(cin, cout),不能使用 C 语 言的 printf 等;2,注意检查输入的合法性)

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    srand(time(0));
    int price = rand()%1000 + 1;
    int guess = 0;
    int low = 1;
    int high = 1000;
    while(true){
        cout << "请输入猜测的价格(" << low << "~" << high <<"):" <<endl;
        cin >> guess;
        if(guess > price){
            cout << "猜测的价格高了!" <<endl;
            high = guess;
        }else if (guess < price)
        {
            cout << "猜测的价格低了!" <<endl;
            low = guess;
        }else{
            cout << "猜对了!" <<endl;
            break;
        }
        
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

5、重载实验

5.1 虚函数

针对题目3的“形状”类,编写C++程序完成以下功能:

(1) 将【形状】 中的基类计算面积的方法定义为虚函数,比较与【形状(A)】程 序的差异;

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

# define PI 3.14159
class Shape{
    public:
        Shape();
        virtual double area();
};
Shape::Shape(){
    
}
double Shape::area(){
    cout<<"调用基函数的面积计算方法!"<<endl;
    return 0;
}
class Rectangle : public Shape{
    public:
        Rectangle();
        Rectangle(int l, int w);
        ~Rectangle();
        virtual double area();
    private:
        int length;
        int width;
};
Rectangle::Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Rectangle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::Rectangle(int l, int w){
    length = l;
    width = w;
    cout << "调用构造函数Rectangle(int l, int w)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::~Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Rectangle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Rectangle::area(){
    cout << "长方形的长和宽分别为:" << length << "," << width << "。" <<endl;
    cout << "长方形的面积为:" << length * width <<endl;
    return length * width;
}
class Circle : public Shape{
    public:
        Circle();
        Circle(int r);
        ~Circle();
        virtual double area();
    private:
        int radius;
};
Circle::Circle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Circle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::Circle(int r){
    radius = r;
    cout << "调用构造函数Circle(int r)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    
}
Circle::~Circle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Circle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Circle::area(){
    cout << "圆形的半径为:" << radius <<endl;
    cout << "圆形的面积为:" << PI * radius * radius <<endl;
    return PI * radius * radius;
}
class Square : public Rectangle{
    public:
        Square();
        Square(int l);
        ~Square();
        virtual double area();
    private:
        int length;
};
Square::Square(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Square()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::Square(int l){
    length = l;
    cout << "调用构造函数Square(int l)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::~Square(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Square()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Square::area(){
    cout << "正方形的边长为:" << length <<endl;
    cout << "正方形的面积为:" << length * length <<endl;
    return length * length;
}

int main(){
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    Rectangle r(10,5);
    Circle c(5);
    Square s(7);
    // Shape shape; //不是抽象类,只实现了虚函数,可以创建对象。
    Shape &sh = s;  
    sh.area();  //此处Shape的对象sh调用的是Square类中的area(),实现了动态联编
    r.area();
    c.area();
    s.area();
    return 0;
}

(2) 将【形状】中的基类定义为抽象类,比较与【形状(A)】程序的差异。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

# define PI 3.14159
class Shape{
    public:
        virtual double area()=0;
};
class Rectangle : public Shape{
    public:
        Rectangle();
        Rectangle(int l, int w);
        ~Rectangle();
        double area();
    private:
        int length;
        int width;
};
Rectangle::Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Rectangle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::Rectangle(int l, int w){
    length = l;
    width = w;
    cout << "调用构造函数Rectangle(int l, int w)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Rectangle::~Rectangle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Rectangle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Rectangle::area(){
    cout << "长方形的长和宽分别为:" << length << "," << width << "。" <<endl;
    cout << "长方形的面积为:" << length * width <<endl;
    return length * width;
}
class Circle : public Shape{
    public:
        Circle();
        Circle(int r);
        ~Circle();
        double area();
    private:
        int radius;
};
Circle::Circle(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Circle()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Circle::Circle(int r){
    radius = r;
    cout << "调用构造函数Circle(int r)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    
}
Circle::~Circle(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Circle()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Circle::area(){
    cout << "圆形的半径为:" << radius <<endl;
    cout << "圆形的面积为:" << PI * radius * radius <<endl;
    return PI * radius * radius;
}
class Square : public Rectangle{
    public:
        Square();
        Square(int l);
        ~Square();
        double area();
    private:
        int length;
};
Square::Square(){
    cout << "调用无参构造函数Square()"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::Square(int l){
    length = l;
    cout << "调用构造函数Square(int l)"<<endl;
    system("pause");
}
Square::~Square(){
    cout << "调用析构函数~Square()" <<endl;
    system("pause");
}
double Square::area(){
    cout << "正方形的边长为:" << length <<endl;
    cout << "正方形的面积为:" << length * length <<endl;
    return length * length;
}

int main(){
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    Rectangle r(10,5);
    Circle c(5);
    Square s(7);
    // Shape shape; //抽象类不可以实例化, 编译不通过,会报错。
    Shape &sh = s;  //抽象类不可以实例化,但可以创建指针或引用。抽象类的引用可以访问派生类的虚函数
    sh.area();
    r.area();
    c.area();
    s.area();
    return 0;
}

5.2 对Point类重载++和--运算符

编写C++程序完成以下功能:

(1) Point 类的属性包括点的坐标(x,y);

(2) 实现 Point 类重载++和--运算符:

  • ++p,--p,p++,p--;
  • ++和--分别表示 x,y 增加或减少 1
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
class Point{
    public:
        Point();
        Point(int x, int y);
        Point(const Point& p);
        Point operator ++(); //前置“++”重载,++point
        Point operator ++(int); //后置“++”重载,point++
        Point operator --(); //前置“--”重载,--point
        Point operator --(int); //后置“--”重载,point--
        void print();
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
};
Point::Point(){
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
}
Point::Point(int x, int y){
    this->x = x;
    this->y = y;
}
Point::Point(const Point& p){
    x = p.x;
    y = p.y;
}
Point Point::operator ++(){
    x++;
    y++;
    return *this;
}
Point Point::operator ++(int){
    Point temp(*this);
    x++;
    y++;
    return temp;
}
Point Point::operator --(){
    x--;
    y--;
    return *this;
}
Point Point::operator --(int){
    Point temp(*this);
    x--;
    y--;
    return temp;
}
void Point::print(){
    cout<<"圆心:("<< x <<","<< y << ")" <<endl;
}
int main()
{
    system("chcp 65001"); //解决输出中文乱码
    Point p(5,6);
    Point p2;
    cout<<"p的";
    p.print();
    p2 = ++p;
    cout<<"++p的";
    p.print();
    cout<<"p2 = ++p的";
    p2.print();
    p2 = p++;
    cout<<"p++的";
    p.print();
    cout<<"p2 = p++的";
    p2.print();
    p2 = --p;
    cout<<"--p的";
    p.print();
    cout<<"p2 = --p的";
    p2.print();
    p2 = p--;
    cout<<"p--的";
    p.print();
    cout<<"p2 = p--的";
    p2.print();
    return 0;
}

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