机试指南part5——数学问题

进制转换

十进制→N进制

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<stack>

using namespace std;

char IntToChar(int target)
{
    if(target<10)
    {
        return target+'0';
    }else
    {
        return target-10+'A';
    }
}

void Convert(int n,int x)
{
    vector<char> answer;
    if(n==0)
    {
        answer.push_back('0');
    }else
    {
    while(n!=0)
    {
        answer.push_back(IntToChar(n%x));
        n/=x;
    }
    }
    for(int i=answer.size()-1;i>=0;--i)
    {
        printf("%c ",answer[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

}

int main()
{
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
    {
       Convert(n,16);
    }
    return 0;
}

M进制→十进制

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<stack>

using namespace std;

int CharToInt(char target)
{
    if('0'<=target&&target<='9')
    {
        return target-'0';
    }else
    {
        return target-'A'+10;
    }
}

void Convert(string str,int x)
{
    int number=0;
    for(int i=0;i<str.size();++i)
    {
        number*=x;
        number+=CharToInt(str[i]);
    }
    printf("%d\n",number);

}

int main()
{
    string str;
    while(cin>>str)
    {
       str=str.substr(2);
       Convert(str,16);
    }
    return 0;
}

M进制→N进制

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<stack>

using namespace std;

int CharToInt(char target)
{
    if('0'<=target&&target<='9')
    {
        return target-'0';
    }else
    {
        return target-'A'+10;
    }
}

char IntToChar(int target)
{
    if(target<10)
    {
        return target+'0';
    }else
    {
        return target-10+'a';
    }
}

long long ConvertToTen(string str,int m)
{
    long long number=0;
    for(int i=0;i<str.size();++i)
    {
        number*=m;
        number+=CharToInt(str[i]);
    }
    return number;

}

void ConvertToN(long long number,int n)
{
    vector<char> answer;
    if(number==0)
    {
        answer.push_back('0');
    }else
    {
    while(number!=0)
    {
        answer.push_back(IntToChar(number%n));
        number/=n;
    }
    }
    for(int i=answer.size()-1;i>=0;--i)
    {
        printf("%c ",answer[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

}

int main()
{
    int n,m;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&m,&n)!=EOF)
    {
       string str;
       cin>>str;
       long long number=ConvertToTen(str,m);
       ConvertToN(number,n);
    }
    return 0;
}

GCD(最大公约数)&LCM(最小公倍数)

辗转相除法

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int GCD(int a,int b)
{
    if(b==0)
    {
        return a;
    }
    else
    {
        return GCD(b,a%b);
    }
}

int main()
{
    int a,b;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&a,&b)!=EOF)
    {
       printf("%d\n",GCD(a,b));//GCD
       printf("%d\n",a*b/GCD(a,b));//LCM
    }
    return 0;
}

质数&质因子

#include<iostream>//判断
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
bool Judge(int n)
{
    if(n<2)
    {
        return false;
    }
    int bound=sqrt(n);
    for(int i=2;i<=bound;++i)
    {
        if(n%i==0)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
    {
       if(Judge(n))
       {
           printf("yes\n");
       }else
       {
           printf("no\n");
       }
    }
    return 0;
}
#include<iostream>//质数筛法
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN=1e5;

vector<int> prime;
bool isPrime[MAXN];

void Initial()
{
    for(int i=0;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        isPrime[i]=true;
    }
    isPrime[0]=false;
    isPrime[1]=false;
    for(int i=2;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        if(!isPrime[i])
        {
            continue;
        }
        prime.push_back(i);
        for(int j=i*i;j<MAXN;j+=i)
        {
            isPrime[j]=false;
        }
    }
    return;
}

int main()
{
    Initial();
    int k;
    while(scanf("%d",&k)!=EOF)
    {
       printf("%d\n",prime[k-1]);
    }
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>//质因子的个数
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<cmath>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN=sqrt(1e9);

vector<int> prime;
bool isPrime[MAXN];

void Initial()
{
    for(int i=0;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        isPrime[i]=true;
    }
    isPrime[0]=false;
    isPrime[1]=false;
    for(int i=2;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        if(!isPrime[i])
        {
            continue;
        }
        prime.push_back(i);
        for(int j=i*i;j<MAXN;j+=i)
        {
            isPrime[j]=false;
        }
    }
    return;
}

int NumberOfPrimeFactor(int number)
{
    int answer=0;
    for(int i=0;i<prime.size();++i)
    {
        int factor=prime[i];
        int current=0;
        if(factor>number)
        {
            break;
        }
        while(number%factor==0)
        {
            current++;
            number/=factor;
        }
        answer+=current;
    }
    if(number>1)
    {
        answer++;
    }
    return answer;
}

int main()
{
    Initial();
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
    {
       printf("%d\n",NumberOfPrimeFactor(n));
    }
    return 0;
}

#include<iostream>//约数的个数
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<cmath>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN=sqrt(1e9);

vector<int> prime;
bool isPrime[MAXN];

void Initial()
{
    for(int i=0;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        isPrime[i]=true;
    }
    isPrime[0]=false;
    isPrime[1]=false;
    for(int i=2;i<MAXN;++i)
    {
        if(!isPrime[i])
        {
            continue;
        }
        prime.push_back(i);
        for(int j=i*i;j<MAXN;j+=i)
        {
            isPrime[j]=false;
        }
    }
    return;
}

int NumberOfFactor(int number)
{
    vector<int> exponent;
    for(int i=0;i<prime.size();++i)
    {
        int factor=prime[i];
        int current=0;
        if(factor>number)
        {
            break;
        }
        while(number%factor==0)
        {
            current++;
            number/=factor;
        }
        exponent.push_back(current);
    }
    if(number>1)
    {
        exponent.push_back(1);
    }
    int answer=1;
    for(int i=0;i<exponent.size();++i)
    {
        answer*=exponent[i]+1;
    }
    return answer;
}

int main()
{
    Initial();
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
    {
        if(n==0)
        {
            break;
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
        {
            int number;
            scanf("%d",&number);
            printf("%d\n",NumberOfFactor(number));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

快速幂

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<cmath>

using namespace std;

int QuickPower(int x,int n)
{
    int mod=1000;
    int answer=1;
    while(n!=0)
    {
        if(n%2==1)
        {
            answer*=x;
            answer%=mod;
        }
        n/=2;
        x*=x;
        x%=mod;
    }
    return answer;
}

int main()
{
    int a,b;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&a,&b)!=EOF)
    {
        if(a==0&&b==0)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("%d\n",QuickPower(a,b));
    }
    return 0;
}

矩阵&矩阵快速幂

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN=100;

struct Matrix
{
    int row,col;
    int matrix[MAXN][MAXN];
    Matrix(){};
    Matrix(int r,int c):row(r),col(c){};
};

Matrix Add(Matrix x,Matrix y)
{
    Matrix answer=Matrix(x.row,x.col);
    for(int i=0;i<answer.row;++i)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<answer.col;++j)
        {
            answer.matrix[i][j]=x.matrix[i][j]+y.matrix[i][j];
        }
    }
    return answer;
}

Matrix Multiply(Matrix x,Matrix y)
{
    Matrix answer=Matrix(x.row,y.col);
    for(int i=0;i<answer.row;++i)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<answer.col;++j)
        {
            answer.matrix[i][j]=0;
            for(int k=0;k<x.col;++k)
            {
                answer.matrix[i][j]+=x.matrix[i][k]*y.matrix[k][j];
            }
        }
    }
    return answer;
}

Matrix Transpose(Matrix x)
{
    Matrix answer=Matrix(x.col,x.row);
    for(int i=0;i<answer.row;++i)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<answer.col;++j)
        {
            answer.matrix[i][j]=x.matrix[j][i];
        }
    }
    return answer;
}

Matrix QuickPower(Matrix x,int n)
{
    Matrix answer=Matrix(x.row,x.col);
    for(int i=0;i<answer.row;++i)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<answer.col;++j)
        {
            if(i==j)
            {
                answer.matrix[i][j]=1;
            }else
            {
                answer.matrix[i][j]=0;
            }
        }
    }
    while(n!=0)
    {
        if(n%2==1)
        {
            answer=Multiply(answer,x);
        }
        n/=2;
        x=Multiply(x,x);
    }
    return answer;
}

void InputMatrix(Matrix& x)
{
    for(int i=0;i<x.row;++i)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<x.col;++j)
        {
            scanf("%d",&x.matrix[i][j]);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void OutputMatrix(Matrix x)
{
    int i,j;
    for(i=0;i<x.row;++i)
    {
        for(j=0;j<x.col-1;++j)
        {
            printf("%d ",x.matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("%d\n",x.matrix[i][j]);
    }
    return;
}

矩阵相加

    Matrix x(3,3);
    Matrix y(3,3);
    InputMatrix(x);
    InputMatrix(y);
    Matrix answer=Add(x,y);
    OutputMatrix(answer);

矩阵相乘

    Matrix x(2,3);
    Matrix y(3,2);
    InputMatrix(x);
    InputMatrix(y);
    Matrix answer=Multiply(x,y);
    OutputMatrix(answer);

矩阵转置

    Matrix x(3,3);
    InputMatrix(x);
    Matrix answer=Transpose(x);
    OutputMatrix(answer);

矩阵求幂

int n,k;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&k)!=EOF)
    {
       Matrix x=Matrix(n,n);
       InputMatrix(x);
       Matrix answer=QuickPower(x,k);
       OutputMatrix(answer);
    }

高精度整数

套用模板即可…

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