G - And Then There Was One

Let’s play a stone removing game.

Initially, n stones are arranged on a circle and numbered 1, …, n clockwise (Figure 1). You are also given two numbers k and m. From this state, remove stones one by one following the rules explained below, until only one remains. In step 1, remove stone m. In step 2, locate the k-th next stone clockwise from m and remove it. In subsequent steps, start from the slot of the stone removed in the last step, make k hops clockwise on the remaining stones and remove the one you reach. In other words, skip (k − 1) remaining stones clockwise and remove the next one. Repeat this until only one stone is left and answer its number. For example, the answer for the case n = 8, k = 5, m = 3 is 1, as shown in Figure 1.


Initial state

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Final state
 

Figure 1: An example game

Initial state: Eight stones are arranged on a circle.

Step 1: Stone 3 is removed since m = 3.

Step 2: You start from the slot that was occupied by stone 3. You skip four stones 4, 5, 6 and 7 (since k = 5), and remove the next one, which is 8.

Step 3: You skip stones 1, 2, 4 and 5, and thus remove 6. Note that you only count stones that are still on the circle and ignore those already removed. Stone 3 is ignored in this case.

Steps 4–7: You continue until only one stone is left. Notice that in later steps when only a few stones remain, the same stone may be skipped multiple times. For example, stones 1 and 4 are skipped twice in step 7.

Final State: Finally, only one stone, 1, is on the circle. This is the final state, so the answer is 1.

Input

The input consists of multiple datasets each of which is formatted as follows.

n k m

The last dataset is followed by a line containing three zeros. Numbers in a line are separated by a single space. A dataset satisfies the following conditions.

2 ≤ n ≤ 10000, 1 ≤ k ≤ 10000, 1 ≤ mn

The number of datasets is less than 100.

Output

For each dataset, output a line containing the stone number left in the final state. No extra characters such as spaces should appear in the output.

Sample Input

8 5 3
100 9999 98
10000 10000 10000
0 0 0

Sample Output

1
93
2019
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//int f[10010];

int main(){
    int n,m,k,f;
    while(cin>>n>>k>>m&&(n+m+k)){
        f=0;      //f[1]=0;
        for(int i=2;i<n;i++){
            f=(f+k)%i;    //f[i]=(f[i-1]+k)%i;
        }
        f=(f+m)%n;  //f[n]=(f[n-1]+m)%n;
        cout<<f+1<<endl;//cout<<f[n]+1<<endl;
    }
    return 0;

 

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Note that this is a text-only and possibly out-of-date version of the wiki ReadMe, which is located at: http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/wiki/ReadMe Introduction ============ This package contains the Tesseract Open Source OCR Engine. Originally developed at Hewlett Packard Laboratories Bristol and at Hewlett Packard Co, Greeley Colorado, all the code in this distribution is now licensed under the Apache License: ** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); ** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. ** You may obtain a copy of the License at ** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 ** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software ** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, ** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and ** limitations under the License. Dependencies and Licenses ========================= Leptonica is required. (www.leptonica.com). Tesseract no longer compiles without Leptonica. Libtiff is no longer required as a direct dependency. Installing and Running Tesseract -------------------------------- All Users Do NOT Ignore! The tarballs are split into pieces. tesseract-x.xx.tar.gz contains all the source code. tesseract-x.xx.<lang>.tar.gz contains the language data files for <lang>. You need at least one of these or Tesseract will not work. Note that tesseract-x.xx.tar.gz unpacks to the tesseract-ocr directory. tesseract-x.xx.<lang>.tar.gz unpacks to the tessdata directory which belongs inside your tesseract-ocr directory. It is therefore best to download them into your tesseract-x.xx directory, so you can use unpack here or equivalent. You can unpack as many of the language packs as you care to, as they all contain different files. Note that if you are using make install you should unpack your language data to your source tree before you run make install. If you unpack them as root to the destination directory of make install, then the user ids and access permissions might be messed up. boxtiff-2.xx.<lang>.tar.gz contains data that was used in training for those that want to do their own training. Most users should NOT download these files. Instructions for using the training tools are documented separately at Tesseract wiki http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/w/list Windows ------- Please use installer (for 3.00 and above). Tesseract is library with command line interface. If you need GUI, please check AddOns wiki page http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/wiki/AddOns#GUI If you are building from the sources, the recommended build platform is VC++ Express 2008 (optionally 2010). The executables are built with static linking, so they stand more chance of working out of the box on more windows systems. The executable must reside in the same directory as the tessdata directory or you need to set up environment variable TESSDATA_PREFIX. Installer will set it up for you. The command line is: tesseract imagename outputbase [-l lang] [-psm pagesegmode] [configfiles...] If you need interface to other applications, please check wrapper section on AddOns wiki page: http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/wiki/AddOns#Tesseract_3.0x Non-Windows (or Cygwin) ----------------------- You have to tell Tesseract through a standard unix mechanism where to find its data directory. You must either: ./autogen.sh ./configure make make install sudo ldconfig to move the data files to the standard place, or: export TESSDATA_PREFIX="directory in which your tessdata resides/" In either case the command line is: tesseract imagename outputbase [-l lang] [-psm pagesegmode] [configfiles...] New there is a tesseract.spec for making rpms. (Thanks to Andrew Ziem for the help.) It might work with your OS if you know how to do that. If you are linking to the libraries, as Ocropus does, please link to libtesseract_api. History ======= The engine was developed at Hewlett Packard Laboratories Bristol and at Hewlett Packard Co, Greeley Colorado between 1985 and 1994, with some more changes made in 1996 to port to Windows, and some C++izing in 1998. A lot of the code was written in C, and then some more was written in C++. Since then all the code has been converted to at least compile with a C++ compiler. Currently it builds under Linux with gcc4.4.3 and under Windows with VC++2008. The C++ code makes heavy use of a list system using macros. This predates stl, was portable before stl, and is more efficient than stl lists, but has the big negative that if you do get a segmentation violation, it is hard to debug. The most recent change is that Tesseract can now recognize 39 languages, including Arabic, Hindi, Vietnamese, plus 3 Fraktur variants is fully UTF8 capable, and is fully trainable. See TrainingTesseract for more information on training. Tesseract was included in UNLV's Fo
There are some simple tricks that every design engineer should know to facilitate the usage of SystemVerilog Assertions. Although this paper is not intended to be a comprehensive tutorial on SystemVerilog Assertions, it is worthwhile to give a simplified definition of a property and the concurrent assertion of a property. 1.1 What is an assertion? An assertion is basically a "statement of fact" or "claim of truth" made about a design by a design or verification engineer. An engineer will assert or "claim" that certain conditions are always true or never true about a design. If that claim can ever be proven false, then the assertion fails (the "claim" was false). Assertions essentially become active design comments, and one important methodology treats them exactly like active design comments. More on this in Section 2. A trusted colleague and formal analysis expert[1] reports that for formal analysis, describing what should never happen using "not sequence" assertions is even more important than using assertions to describe always true conditions. 1.2 What is a property? A property is basically a rule that will be asserted (enabled) to passively test a design. The property can be a simple Boolean test regarding conditions that should always hold true about the design, or it can be a sampled sequence of signals that should follow a legal and prescribed protocol. For formal analysis, a property describes the environment of the block under verification, i.e. what is legal behavior of the inputs. 1.3 Two types of SystemVerilog assertions SystemVerilog has two types of assertions: (1) Immediate assertions (2) Concurrent assertions Immediate assertions execute once and are placed inline with the code. Immediate assertions are not exceptionally useful except in a few places, which are detailed in Section 3.
Soft computing and nature-inspired computing both play a significant role in developing a better understanding to machine learning. When studied together, they can offer new perspectives on the learning process of machines. The Handbook of Research on Soft Computing and Nature-Inspired Algorithms is an essential source for the latest scholarly research on applications of nature-inspired computing and soft computational systems. Featuring comprehensive coverage on a range of topics and perspectives such as swarm intelligence, speech recognition, and electromagnetic problem solving, this publication is ideally designed for students, researchers, scholars, professionals, and practitioners seeking current research on the advanced workings of intelligence in computing systems. Chapter 1 ApplicationofNatured-InspiredAlgorithmsfortheSolutionofComplexElectromagnetic Problems................................................................................................................................................. 1 Massimo Donelli, University of Trento, Italy Inthelastdecadenature-inspiredOptimizerssuchasgeneticalgorithms(GAs),particleswarm(PSO), antcolony(ACO),honeybees(HB),bacteriafeeding(BFO),firefly(FF),batalgorithm(BTO),invasive weed(IWO)andothersalgorithms,hasbeensuccessfullyadoptedasapowerfuloptimizationtools inseveralareasofappliedengineering,andinparticularforthesolutionofcomplexelectromagnetic problems.Thischapterisaimedatpresentinganoverviewofnatureinspiredoptimizationalgorithms (NIOs)asappliedtothesolutionofcomplexelectromagneticproblemsstartingfromthewell-known geneticalgorithms(GAs)uptorecentcollaborativealgorithmsbasedonsmartswarmsandinspired byswarmofinsects,birdsorflockoffishes.Thefocusofthischapterisontheuseofdifferentkind ofnaturedinspiredoptimizationalgorithmsforthesolutionofcomplexproblems,inparticulartypical microwavedesignproblems,inparticularthedesignandmicrostripantennastructures,thecalibration ofmicrowavesystemsandotherinterestingpracticalapplications.Startingfromadetailedclassification andanalysisofthemostusednaturedinspiredoptimizers(NIOs)thischapterdescribesthenotonly thestructuresofeachNIObutalsothestochasticoperatorsandthephilosophyresponsibleforthe correctevolutionoftheoptimizationprocess.Theoreticaldiscussionsconcernedconvergenceissues, parameterssensitivityanalysisandcomputationalburdenestimationarereportedaswell.Successively abriefreviewonhowdifferentresearchgroupshaveappliedorcustomizeddifferentNIOsapproaches forthesolutionofcomplexpracticalelectromagneticproblemrangingfromindustrialuptobiomedical applications.ItisworthnoticedthatthedevelopmentofCADtoolsbasedonNIOscouldprovidethe engineersanddesignerswithpowerfultoolsthatcanbethesolutiontoreducethetimetomarketof specific devices, (such as modern mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices) and keep the commercialpredominance:sincetheydonotrequireexpertengineersandtheycanstronglyreducethe computationaltimetypicalofthestandardtrialerrorsmethodologies.Suchusefulautomaticdesigntools basedonNIOshavebeentheobjectofresearchsincesomedecadesandtheimportanceofthissubject iswidelyrecognized.Inordertoapplyanaturedinspiredalgorithm,theproblemisusuallyrecastas aglobaloptimizationproblem.Formulatedinsuchaway,theproblemcanbeefficientlyhandledby naturedinspiredoptimizerbydefiningasuitablecostfunction(singleormulti-objective)thatrepresent thedistancebetweentherequirementsandtheobtainedtrialsolution.Thedeviceunderdevelopment  canbeanalyzedwithclassicalnumericalmethodologiessuchasFEM,FDTD,andMoM.Asacommon feature,theseenvironmentsusuallyintegrateanoptimizerandacommercialnumericalsimulator.The chapterendswithopenproblemsanddiscussiononfutureapplications. 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Chapter 4 ParameterSettingsinParticleSwarmOptimization........................................................................... 101 Snehal Mohan Kamalapur, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, India Varsha Patil, Matoshree College of Engineering and Research Center, India Theissueofparametersettingofanalgorithmisoneofthemostpromisingareasofresearch.Particle SwarmOptimization(PSO)ispopulationbasedmethod.TheperformanceofPSOissensitivetothe parametersettings.Intheliteratureofevolutionarycomputationtherearetwotypesofparametersettings  - parametertuningandparametercontrol.Staticparametertuningmayleadtopoorperformanceas optimalvaluesofparametersmaybedifferentatdifferentstagesofrun.Thisleadstoparametercontrol. Thischapterhastwo-foldobjectivestoprovideacomprehensivediscussiononparametersettingsandon parametersettingsofPSO.Theobjectivesaretostudyparametertuningandcontrol,togettheinsight ofPSOandimpactofparameterssettingsforparticlesofPSO. 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Chapter 8 SpeakerRecognitionWithNormalandTelephonicAssameseSpeechUsingI-Vectorand Learning-BasedClassifier................................................................................................................... 256 Mridusmita Sharma, Gauhati University, India Rituraj Kaushik, Tezpur University, India Kandarpa Kumar Sarma, Gauhati University, India Speaker recognition is the task of identifying a person by his/her unique identification features or behaviouralcharacteristicsthatareincludedinthespeechutteredbytheperson.Speakerrecognition dealswiththeidentityofthespeaker.Itisabiometricmodalitywhichusesthefeaturesofthespeaker thatisinfluencedbyone’sindividualbehaviouraswellasthecharacteristicsofthevocalcord.Theissue becomesmorecomplexwhenregionallanguagesareconsidered.Here,theauthorsreportthedesignof aspeakerrecognitionsystemusingnormalandtelephonicAssamesespeechfortheircasestudy.Intheir work,theauthorshaveimplementedi-vectorsasfeaturestogenerateanoptimalfeaturesetandhaveused theFeedForwardNeuralNetworkfortherecognitionpurposewhichgivesafairlyhighrecognitionrate. Chapter 9 ANewSVMMethodforRecognizingPolarityofSentimentsinTwitter.......................................... 281 Sanjiban Sekhar Roy, VIT University, India Marenglen Biba, University of New York – Tirana, Albania Rohan Kumar, VIT University, India Rahul Kumar, VIT University, India Pijush Samui, NIT Patna, India Onlinesocialnetworkingplatforms,suchasWeblogs,microblogs,andsocialnetworksareintensively beingutilizeddailytoexpressindividual’sthinking.Thispermitsscientiststocollecthugeamountsof dataandextractsignificantknowledgeregardingthesentimentsofalargenumberofpeopleatascale thatwasessentiallyimpracticalacoupleofyearsback.Therefore,thesedays,sentimentanalysishasthe potentialtolearnsentimentstowardspersons,objectandoccasions.Twitterhasincreasinglybecome  a significantsocialnetworkingplatformwherepeoplepostmessagesofupto140charactersknownas ‘Tweets’.Tweetshavebecomethepreferredmediumforthemarketingsectorasuserscaninstantlyindicate customersuccessorindicatepublicrelationsdisasterfarmorequicklythanawebpageortraditional mediadoes.Inthispaper,wehaveanalyzedtwitterdataandhavepredictedpositiveandnegativetweets withhighaccuracyrateusingsupportvectormachine(SVM). 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Thistechniqueisalsocomparedwithlinearquadraticregulator(LQR)andGAbasedproportionalintegral (PI)controllers.Thisprovestobeagoodalternativeforoptimalcontroller’sdesign.Thistechniquecan beeasilyenhancedtoincludemorespecificationsviz.settlingtime,risetime,stabilityconstraints,etc. Chapter 11 MathematicalOptimizationbyUsingParticleSwarmOptimization,GeneticAlgorithm,and DifferentialEvolutionandItsSimilarities.......................................................................................... 325 Shailendra Aote, Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, India Mukesh M. Raghuwanshi, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, India Tosolvetheproblemsofoptimization,variousmethodsareprovidedindifferentdomain.Evolutionary computing(EC)isoneofthemethodstosolvetheseproblems.MostlyusedECtechniquesareavailable likeParticleSwarmOptimization(PSO),GeneticAlgorithm(GA)andDifferentialEvolution(DE). Thesetechniqueshavedifferentworkingstructurebuttheinnerworkingstructureissame.Different namesandformulaearegivenfordifferenttaskbutultimatelyalldothesame.Herewetriedtofindout thesimilaritiesamongthesetechniquesandgivetheworkingstructureineachstep.Allthestepsare providedwithproperexampleandcodewritteninMATLAB,forbetterunderstanding.Herewestarted ourdiscussionwithintroductionaboutoptimizationandsolutiontooptimizationproblemsbyPSO,GA andDE.Finally,wehavegivenbriefcomparisonofthese. Chapter 12 GA_SVM:AClassificationSystemforDiagnosisofDiabetes.......................................................... 359 Dilip Kumar Choubey, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, India Sanchita Paul, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, India Themodernsocietyispronetomanylife-threateningdiseaseswhichifdiagnosisearlycanbeeasily controlled.Theimplementationofadiseasediagnosticsystemhasgainedpopularityovertheyears.The mainaimofthisresearchistoprovideabetterdiagnosisofdiabetes.Therearealreadyseveralexisting methods,whichhavebeenimplementedforthediagnosisofdiabetes.Inthismanuscript,firstly,Polynomial Kernel,RBFKernel,SigmoidFunctionKernel,LinearKernelSVMusedfortheclassificationofPIDD.  SecondlyGAusedasanAttributeselectionmethodandthenusedPolynomialKernel,RBFKernel, SigmoidFunctionKernel,LinearKernelSVMonthatselectedattributesofPIDDforclassification.So, herecomparedtheresultswithandwithoutGAinPIDD,andLinearKernelprovedbetteramongallof thenotedaboveclassificationmethods.ItdirectlyseemsinthepaperthatGAisremovinginsignificant features,reducingthecostandcomputationtimeandimprovingtheaccuracy,ROCofclassification. Theproposedmethodcanbealsousedforotherkindsofmedicaldiseases. Chapter 13 TheInsectsofNature-InspiredComputationalIntelligence............................................................... 398 Sweta Srivastava, B.I.T. Mesra, India Sudip Kumar Sahana, B.I.T. Mesra, India Thedesirablemeritsoftheintelligentcomputationalalgorithmsandtheinitialsuccessinmanydomains haveencouragedresearcherstoworktowardstheadvancementofthesetechniques.Amajorplunge inalgorithmicdevelopmenttosolvetheincreasinglycomplexproblemsturnedoutasbreakthrough towardsthedevelopmentofcomputationalintelligence(CI)techniques.Natureprovedtobeoneofthe greatestsourcesofinspirationfortheseintelligentalgorithms.Inthischapter,computationalintelligence techniquesinspiredbyinsectsarediscussed.Thesetechniquesmakeuseoftheskillsofintelligent agentbymimickinginsectbehaviorsuitablefortherequiredproblem.Thediversitiesinthebehaviorof theinsectfamiliesandsimilaritiesamongthemthatareusedbyresearchersforgeneratingintelligent techniquesarealsodiscussedinthischapter. Chapter 14 Bio-InspiredComputationalIntelligenceandItsApplicationtoSoftwareTesting............................ 429 Abhishek Pandey, UPES Dehradun, India Soumya Banerjee, BIT Mesra, India Bioinspiredalgorithmsarecomputationalprocedureinspiredbytheevolutionaryprocessofnature andswarmintelligencetosolvecomplexengineeringproblems.Intherecenttimesithasgainedmuch popularityintermsofapplicationstodiverseengineeringdisciplines.Nowadaysbioinspiredalgorithms arealsoappliedtooptimizethesoftwaretestingprocess.Inthischapterauthorswilldiscusssomeof thepopularbioinspiredalgorithmsandalsogivestheframeworkofapplicationofthesealgorithmsfor softwaretestingproblemssuchastestcasegeneration,testcaseselection,testcaseprioritization,test caseminimization.Bioinspiredcomputationalalgorithmsincludesgeneticalgorithm(GA),genetic programming (GP), evolutionary strategies (ES), evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution(DE)intheevolutionaryalgorithmscategoryandAntcolonyoptimization(ACO),Particle swarmoptimization(PSO),ArtificialBeeColony(ABC),Fireflyalgorithm(FA),Cuckoosearch(CS), Batalgorithm(BA)etc.intheSwarmIntelligencecategory(SI).  Chapter 15 Quantum-InspiredComputationalIntelligenceforEconomicEmissionDispatchProblem.............. 445 Fahad Parvez Mahdi, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia Vish Kallimani, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Junzo Watada, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia Economicemissiondispatch(EED)problemsareoneofthemostcrucialproblemsinpowersystems. Growingenergydemand,limitedreservesoffossilfuelandglobalwarmingmakethistopicintothe centerofdiscussionandresearch.Inthischapter,wewilldiscusstheuseandscopeofdifferentquantum inspiredcomputationalintelligence(QCI)methodsforsolvingEEDproblems.Wewillevaluateeach previouslyusedQCImethodsforEEDproblemanddiscusstheirsuperiorityandcredibilityagainst othermethods.WewillalsodiscussthepotentialityofusingotherquantuminspiredCImethodslike quantumbatalgorithm(QBA),quantumcuckoosearch(QCS),andquantumteachingandlearningbased optimization(QTLBO)techniqueforfurtherdevelopmentinthisarea. Chapter 16 IntelligentExpertSystemtoOptimizetheQuartzCrystalMicrobalance(QCM)Characterization Test:IntelligentSystemtoOptimizetheQCMCharacterizationTest............................................... 469 Jose Luis Calvo-Rolle, University of A Coruña, Spain José Luis Casteleiro-Roca, University of A Coruña, Spain María del Carmen Meizoso-López, University of A Coruña, Spain Andrés José Piñón-Pazos, University of A Coruña, Spain Juan Albino Mendez-Perez, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain Thischapterdescribesanapproachtoreducesignificantlythetimeinthefrequencysweeptestofa QuartzCrystalMicrobalance(QCM)characterizationmethodbasedontheresonanceprincipleofpassive components.Onthistest,thespenttimewaslarge,becauseitwasnecessarycarryoutabigfrequency sweepduetothefactthattheresonancefrequencywasunknown.Moreover,thisfrequencysweephas greatstepsandconsequentlylowaccuracy.Then,itwasnecessarytoreducethesweepsanditssteps graduallywiththeaimtoincreasetheaccuracyandtherebybeingabletofindtheexactfrequency.An intelligentexpertsystemwascreatedasasolutiontothedisadvantagedescribedofthemethod.This modelprovidesamuchsmallerfrequencyrangethantheinitiallyemployedwiththeoriginalproposal. Thisfrequencyrangedependsofthecircuitcomponentsofthemethod.Then,thankstothenewapproach oftheQCMcharacterizationisachievedbetteraccuracyandthetesttimeisreducedsignificantly. Chapter 17 OptimizationThroughNature-InspiredSoft-ComputingandAlgorithmonECGProcess................ 489 Goutam Kumar Bose, Haldia Institute of Technology, India Pritam Pain, Haldia Institute of Technology, India Inthepresentresearchworkselectionofsignificantmachiningparametersdependingonnature-inspired algorithmisprepared,duringmachiningalumina-aluminuminterpenetratingphasecompositesthrough electrochemical grinding process. Here during experimentation control parameters like electrolyte concentration(C),voltage(V),depthofcut(D)andelectrolyteflowrate(F)areconsidered.Theresponse dataareinitiallytrainedandtestedapplyingArtificialNeuralNetwork.Theparadoxicalresponseslike  highermaterialremovalrate(MRR),lowersurfaceroughness(Ra),lowerovercut(OC)andlowercutting force(Fc)areaccomplishedindividuallybyemployingCuckooSearchAlgorithm.Amultiresponse optimizationforalltheresponseparametersiscompiledprimarilybyusingGeneticalgorithm.Finally, inordertoachieveasinglesetofparametriccombinationforalltheoutputssimultaneouslyfuzzy basedGreyRelationalAnalysistechniqueisadopted.Thesenature-drivensoftcomputingtechniques corroborateswellduringtheparametricoptimizationofECGprocess. Chapter 18 AnOverviewoftheLastAdvancesandApplicationsofArtificialBeeColonyAlgorithm.............. 520 Airam Expósito Márquez, University of La Laguna, Spain Christopher Expósito-Izquierdo, University of La Laguna, Spain SwarmIntelligenceisdefinedascollectivebehaviorofdecentralizedandself-organizedsystemsofa naturalorartificialnature.Inthelastyearsandtoday,SwarmIntelligencehasproventobeabranchof ArtificialIntelligencethatisabletosolvingefficientlycomplexoptimizationproblems.SomeofwellknownexamplesofSwarmIntelligenceinnaturalsystemsreportedintheliteraturearecolonyofsocial insectssuchasbeesandants,birdflocks,fishschools,etc.Inthisrespect,ArtificialBeeColonyAlgorithm isanatureinspiredmetaheuristic,whichimitatesthehoneybeeforagingbehaviourthatproducesan intelligentsocialbehaviour.ABChasbeenusedsuccessfullytosolveawidevarietyofdiscreteand continuousoptimizationproblems.InordertofurtherenhancethestructureofArtificialBeeColony, thereareavarietyofworksthathavemodifiedandhybridizedtoothertechniquesthestandardversion ofABC.Thisworkpresentsareviewpaperwithasurveyofthemodifications,variantsandapplications oftheArtificialBeeColonyAlgorithm. Chapter 19 ASurveyoftheCuckooSearchandItsApplicationsinReal-WorldOptimizationProblems........... 541 Christopher Expósito-Izquierdo, University of La Laguna, Spain Airam Expósito-Márquez, University of La Laguna, Spain ThechapterathandseekstoprovideageneralsurveyoftheCuckooSearchAlgorithmanditsmost highlightedvariants.TheCuckooSearchAlgorithmisarelativelyrecentnature-inspiredpopulationbasedmeta-heuristicalgorithmthatisbaseduponthelifestyle,egglaying,andbreedingstrategyof somespeciesofcuckoos.Inthiscase,theLévyflightisusedtomovethecuckooswithinthesearch spaceoftheoptimizationproblemtosolveandobtainasuitablebalancebetweendiversificationand intensification.Asdiscussedinthischapter,theCuckooSearchAlgorithmhasbeensuccessfullyapplied toawiderangeofheterogeneousoptimizationproblemsfoundinpracticalapplicationsoverthelast fewyears.Someofthereasonsofitsrelevancearethereducednumberofparameterstoconfigureand itseaseofimplementation.

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