装饰器模式

装饰器模式解决的问题是：针对原有对象，进行任意或者动态的扩展组合。
实现方案：实现一个通用接口作为要拓展的对象，将主要功能委托给基础对象，然后增添功能。递归的方式实现，既使用了继承又使用了委托。

package decorator;


/**
 * 冰淇淋，定义装饰物执行的公共接口.
 * @author wwe
 *
 */
public interface IceCreamComponent {
    /**
     * 增加装饰.
     */
    public void AddTopping();
}

package decorator;

public class ConcreteIceCream implements IceCreamComponent{

    @Override
    public void AddTopping() {
        System.out.println("Plain IceCream ready for some toppings!");
        
    }

}

package decorator;

/**
 * 装饰器基类.
 * @author wwe
 *
 */
public abstract class ToppingDecorator implements IceCreamComponent{
    protected IceCreamComponent input;
    public ToppingDecorator(IceCreamComponent i) {
        this.input = i;
    }
    /**
     * 留给装饰器实现.
     */
    public abstract void AddTopping();
}

package decorator;

public class CandyTopping extends ToppingDecorator{
    public CandyTopping(IceCreamComponent i) {
        super(i);
    }
    
    /**
     * 增加糖果装饰.
     */
    public void AddTopping() {
        input.AddTopping(); //首先装饰其他.
        System.out.println("Candy Topping added");
    }
}

package decorator;

public class NutsTopping extends ToppingDecorator{
    public NutsTopping(IceCreamComponent i) {
        super(i);
    }
    
    
    public void AddTopping() {
        input.AddTopping(); //首先装饰其他.
        System.out.println("Nuts Topping added");
    }
}

package decorator;

public class PeanutTopping extends ToppingDecorator{
    public PeanutTopping(IceCreamComponent i) {
        super(i);
    }
    
    public void AddTopping() {
        input.AddTopping(); //首先装饰其他.
        System.out.println("Peanut topping added");
    }
}

package decorator;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IceCreamComponent toppIceCream = 
                new NutsTopping(
                        new PeanutTopping(
                                new CandyTopping(
                                        new ConcreteIceCream())));
        toppIceCream.AddTopping();
    }
}


```python
 执行结果
 

Plain IceCream ready for some toppings!
Candy Topping added
Peanut topping added
Nuts Topping added

Component:接口，定义装饰物执行的公共操作
ConcreteComponent:起始对象，在其基础上动态的增加功能，需要首先创建该对象，并将通用的方法添加到此对象中。
Decorator抽象类是所有装饰类的基类，里面包含的成员变量Component指向了被装饰的对象。
ConcreteDecorator:装饰类，增加需要装饰的特征，可以根据需求实现不同的装饰类，每个类提供的装饰特征都能加入到被装饰对象中。
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