引言
在对数据进行处理之时,我们往往会通过绘图来可视化我们的数据,从而利于分析数据处理之前以及之后的一般的规律。下面来实战一下!
Demo
等高线图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def f(x,y):
return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)
n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
y = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95])
plt.contourf(X, Y, f(X,Y), 8, alpha=.75, cmap=plt.cm.hot)
C = plt.contour(X, Y, f(X,Y), 8, colors='black', linewidth=.5)
plt.clabel(C, inline=1, fontsize=10)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
灰度图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def f(x,y):
return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)
n = 10
x = np.linspace(-3,3,3.5*n)
y = np.linspace(-3,3,3.0*n)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
Z = f(X,Y)
plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95])
plt.imshow(Z,interpolation='bicubic', cmap='bone', origin='lower')
plt.colorbar(shrink=.92)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
散点图
# 散点图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
n = 1024
X = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
Y = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
T = np.arctan2(Y,X)
plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95])
plt.scatter(X,Y, s=75, c=T, alpha=.5)
plt.xlim(-1.5,1.5), plt.xticks([])
plt.ylim(-1.5,1.5), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
极轴图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ax = plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95], polar=True)
N = 20
theta = np.arange(0.0, 2*np.pi, 2*np.pi/N)
radii = 10*np.random.rand(N)
width = np.pi/4*np.random.rand(N)
bars = plt.bar(theta, radii, width=width, bottom=0.0)
for r,bar in zip(radii, bars):
bar.set_facecolor( plt.cm.jet(r/10.))
bar.set_alpha(0.5)
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
plt.show()
3D图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.cm.hot)
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap=plt.cm.hot)
ax.set_zlim(-2,2)
plt.show()
结语
参考:https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/matplotlib-tutorial.html