C++基础语法梳理：算法丨查找算法（全）

本期是C++基础语法分享的第十七节，今天给大家来梳理一下查找算法！

顺序查找

int SequentialSearch(vector<int>& v, int k) {
	for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
		if (v[i] == k)
			return i;
	return -1;
}


/* The following is a Sentinel Search Algorithm which only performs 
    just one test in each loop iteration thereby reducing time complexity */

int BetterSequentialSearch(vector<int>& v, int k) {
    int last = v[v.size()-1];
    v[v.size()-1] = k;
    int i = 0;
	while (v[i]!= k)
        	i++;
    v[v.size()-1] = last;
    if(i < v.size()-1 || v[v.size()-1] == k)
        return i;
    return -1;
}

 二分查找（折半查找）

// 非递归

int BinarySearch(vector<int> v, int value , int low, int high) {
	if (v.size() <= 0) {
		return -1;
	}
	while (low <= high) {
		int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
		if (v[mid] == value) {
			return mid;
		}
		else if (v[mid] > value) {
			high = mid - 1;
		}
		else {
			low = mid + 1;
		}
	}

	return -1;
}

// 递归
int BinarySearch2(vector<int> v, int value, int low, int high)
{
	if (low > high)
		return -1;
	int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
	if (v[mid] == value)
		return mid;
	else if (v[mid] > value)
		return BinarySearch2(v, value, low, mid - 1);
	else
		return BinarySearch2(v, value, mid + 1, high);
}

插值查找

int InsertionSearch(int a[], int value, int low, int high)
{
    int mid = low+(value-a[low])/(a[high]-a[low])*(high-low);
    if(a[mid]==value)
        return mid;
    if(a[mid]>value)
        return InsertionSearch(a, value, low, mid-1);
    if(a[mid]<value)
        return InsertionSearch(a, value, mid+1, high);
}

斐波拉契算法

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <memory>
#include  <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int max_size=20;//斐波那契数组的长度

/*构造一个斐波那契数组*/ 
void Fibonacci(int * F)
{
    F[0]=0;
    F[1]=1;
    for(int i=2;i<max_size;++i)
        F[i]=F[i-1]+F[i-2];
}

/*定义斐波那契查找法*/  
int FibonacciSearch(int *a, int n, int key)  //a为要查找的数组,n为要查找的数组长度,key为要查找的关键字
{
  int low=0;
  int high=n-1;
  
  int F[max_size];
  Fibonacci(F);//构造一个斐波那契数组F 

  int k=0;
  while(n>F[k]-1)//计算n位于斐波那契数列的位置
      ++k;

  int  * temp;//将数组a扩展到F[k]-1的长度
  temp=new int [F[k]-1];
  memcpy(temp,a,n*sizeof(int));

  for(int i=n;i<F[k]-1;++i)
     temp[i]=a[n-1];
  
  while(low<=high)
  {
    int mid=low+F[k-1]-1;
    if(key<temp[mid])
    {
      high=mid-1;
      k-=1;
    }
    else if(key>temp[mid])
    {
     low=mid+1;
     k-=2;
    }
    else
    {
       if(mid<n)
           return mid; //若相等则说明mid即为查找到的位置
       else
           return n-1; //若mid>=n则说明是扩展的数值,返回n-1
    }
  }  
  delete [] temp;
  return -1;
}

int main()
{
    int a[] = {0,16,24,35,47,59,62,73,88,99};
    int key=100;
    int index=FibonacciSearch(a,sizeof(a)/sizeof(int),key);
    cout<<key<<" is located at:"<<index;
    return 0;
}

哈希查找

#include<stdio.h&g