算法具体题型

数组

对撞指针

快慢指针，滑动窗口

class Solution {
    public int minSubArrayLen(int target, int[] nums) {
        int left = 0,right = -1;
        int sum = 0;
        int len = nums.length;
        int minLen = len + 1;
        while(left < len){
            if(sum < target && right+1 < len){//小则右加
                sum+=nums[++right];
            }else{//大则左加
                sum-=nums[left++];

            }
            if(sum >= target){
                minLen = Math.min(right-left+1,minLen);//保存最小的
            }
           
        }
        if(minLen == len+1){
            return 0;
        }
        return minLen;

    }
}

哈希集合

class MyHashSet {
    private final int MAX_LEN = 100000; // the amount of buckets
    private List<Integer>[] set;      // hash set implemented by array
    
    /** Returns the corresponding bucket index. */
    private int getIndex(int key) {
        return key % MAX_LEN;
    }
    
    /** Search the key in a specific bucket. Returns -1 if the key does not existed. */
    private int getPos(int key, int index) {
        // Each bucket contains a list.
        List<Integer> temp = set[index];
        if (temp == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        // Iterate all the elements in the bucket to find the target key.
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i) {
            if (temp.get(i) == key) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
    
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyHashSet() {
        set = (List<Integer>[])new ArrayList[MAX_LEN];
    }
    
    public void add(int key) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        if (pos < 0) {
            // Add new key if key does not exist.
            if (set[index] == null) {
                set[index] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            }
            set[index].add(key);
        }
    }
    
    public void remove(int key) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        if (pos >= 0) {
            // Remove the key if key exists.
            set[index].remove(pos);
        }
    }
    
    /** Returns true if this set did not already contain the specified element */
    public boolean contains(int key) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        return pos >= 0;
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyHashSet object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyHashSet obj = new MyHashSet();
 * obj.add(key);
 * obj.remove(key);
 * boolean param_3 = obj.contains(key);
 */

哈希表设计

import javafx.util.Pair;

class MyHashMap {
    private final int MAX_LEN = 100000;             // the amount of buckets
    private List<Pair<Integer, Integer>>[] map;     // hash map implemented by array
    
    /** Returns the corresponding bucket index. */
    private int getIndex(int key) {
        return key % MAX_LEN;
    }
    
    /** Search the key in a specific bucket. Returns -1 if the key does not existed. */
    private int getPos(int key, int index) {
        // Each bucket contains a list.
        List<Pair<Integer, Integer>> temp = map[index];
        if (temp == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        // Iterate all the elements in the bucket to find the target key.
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i) {
            if (temp.get(i).getKey() == key) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public MyHashMap() {
        map = (List<Pair<Integer, Integer>>[])new ArrayList[MAX_LEN];
    }
    
    /** value will always be positive. */
    public void put(int key, int value) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        if (pos < 0) {
            // Add new (key, value) pair if key is not existed.
            if (map[index] == null) {
                map[index] = new ArrayList<Pair<Integer, Integer>>();
            }
            map[index].add(new Pair(key, value));
        } else {
            // Update the value if key is existed.
            map[index].set(pos, new Pair(key, value));
        }
    }
    
    /** Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or -1 if this map contains no mapping for the key */
    public int get(int key) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        if (pos < 0) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            return map[index].get(pos).getValue();
        }
    }
    
    /** Removes the mapping of the specified value key if this map contains a mapping for the key */
    public void remove(int key) {
        int index = getIndex(key);
        int pos = getPos(key, index);
        if (pos >= 0) {
            map[index].remove(pos);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyHashMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyHashMap obj = new MyHashMap();
 * obj.put(key,value);
 * int param_2 = obj.get(key);
 * obj.remove(key);
 */

哈希表设计键

class Solution {
    public int romanToInt(String s) {
        Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("I", 1);
        map.put("IV", 4);
        map.put("V", 5);
        map.put("IX", 9);
        map.put("X", 10);
        map.put("XL", 40);
        map.put("L", 50);
        map.put("XC", 90);
        map.put("C", 100);
        map.put("CD", 400);
        map.put("D", 500);
        map.put("CM", 900);
        map.put("M", 1000);
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < s.length();) {
            if(i + 1 < s.length() && map.containsKey(s.substring(i, i+2))) {
                ans += map.get(s.substring(i, i+2));
                i += 2;
            } else {
                ans += map.get(s.substring(i, i+1));
                i ++;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}
 

动态规划原理

动态规划知乎截图

线性动态规划

普通单串问题

带维度单串问题

带维度的单串

双串问题

矩阵问题

前缀和

数据结构维护前缀和

前缀积前缀异或推广

区间动态规划

背包动态规划

状态压缩动态规划

计数问题

矩阵快速幂和数位问题

深度优先

数据结构栈

深度优先应用

回溯算法

剪枝算法

二维平面上的搜索问题

动态规划和深度优先遍历结合

排序算法

贪心算法

广度优先

二维平面上的搜索问题：广度

抽象成图

拓扑排序

双向BFS和多源BFS

二叉树的遍历

二叉树用递归解决问题

private int answer;		// don't forget to initialize answer before call maximum_depth
private void maximum_depth(TreeNode root, int depth) {
    if (root == null) {
        return;
    }
    if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
        answer = Math.max(answer, depth);
    }
    maximum_depth(root.left, depth + 1);
    maximum_depth(root.right, depth + 1);
}

public int maximum_depth(TreeNode root) {
	if (root == null) {
		return 0;                                   // return 0 for null node
	}
	int left_depth = maximum_depth(root.left);
	int right_depth = maximum_depth(root.right);
	return Math.max(left_depth, right_depth) + 1;	// return depth of the subtree rooted at root
}

n叉树

二分查找模板

模板1
int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target){
  if(nums == null || nums.length == 0)
    return -1;

  int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
  while(left <= right){
    // Prevent (left + right) overflow
    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
    if(nums[mid] == target){ return mid; }
    else if(nums[mid] < target) { left = mid + 1; }
    else { right = mid - 1; }
  }

  // End Condition: left > right
  return -1;
}

二分查找模板2

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target){
  if(nums == null || nums.length == 0)
    return -1;

  int left = 0, right = nums.length;
  while(left < right){
    // Prevent (left + right) overflow
    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
    if(nums[mid] == target){ return mid; }
    else if(nums[mid] < target) { left = mid + 1; }
    else { right = mid; }
  }

  // Post-processing:
  // End Condition: left == right
  if(left != nums.length && nums[left] == target) return left;
  return -1;
}

class Solution {
    public int findPeakElement(int[] nums) {
        int l=0;
        int r=nums.length-1;
        while(l<r){
            int mid=(l+r)/2;
            if(nums[mid]>nums[mid+1]){
                r=mid;
            }
            else{
                l=mid+1;
            }
        }
        return l;
    }
}

 

class Solution {
    public int findMin(int[] nums) {
        int n=nums.length;
        int l=0,r=n-1;
        while(l<r){
            int mid=l+(r-l)/2;
            if(nums[mid]<=nums[n-1]){
                r=mid;
            }
            else{
                l=mid+1;
            }
        }
        return nums[l];
    }
}

 

二分查找模板3

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    if (nums == null || nums.length == 0)
        return -1;

    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left + 1 < right){
        // Prevent (left + right) overflow
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid;
        } else {
            right = mid;
        }
    }

    // Post-processing:
    // End Condition: left + 1 == right
    if(nums[left] == target) return left;
    if(nums[right] == target) return right;
    return -1;
}

二分查找模板分析

数据库

位运算

队列

// "static void main" must be defined in a public class.

class MyQueue {
    // store elements
    private List<Integer> data;         
    // a pointer to indicate the start position
    private int p_start;            
    public MyQueue() {
        data = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        p_start = 0;
    }
    /** Insert an element into the queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean enQueue(int x) {
        data.add(x);
        return true;
    };    
    /** Delete an element from the queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean deQueue() {
        if (isEmpty() == true) {
            return false;
        }
        p_start++;
        return true;
    }
    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    public int Front() {
        return data.get(p_start);
    }
    /** Checks whether the queue is empty or not. */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return p_start >= data.size();
    }     
};

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyQueue q = new MyQueue();
        q.enQueue(5);
        q.enQueue(3);
        if (q.isEmpty() == false) {
            System.out.println(q.Front());
        }
        q.deQueue();
        if (q.isEmpty() == false) {
            System.out.println(q.Front());
        }
        q.deQueue();
        if (q.isEmpty() == false) {
            System.out.println(q.Front());
        }
    }
}

class MyCircularQueue {
    
    private int[] data;
    private int head;
    private int tail;
    private int size;

    /** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
    public MyCircularQueue(int k) {
        data = new int[k];
        head = -1;
        tail = -1;
        size = k;
    }
    
    /** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean enQueue(int value) {
        if (isFull() == true) {
            return false;
        }
        if (isEmpty() == true) {
            head = 0;
        }
        tail = (tail + 1) % size;
        data[tail] = value;
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean deQueue() {
        if (isEmpty() == true) {
            return false;
        }
        if (head == tail) {
            head = -1;
            tail = -1;
            return true;
        }
        head = (head + 1) % size;
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    public int Front() {
        if (isEmpty() == true) {
            return -1;
        }
        return data[head];
    }
    
    /** Get the last item from the queue. */
    public int Rear() {
        if (isEmpty() == true) {
            return -1;
        }
        return data[tail];
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return head == -1;
    }
    
    /** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
    public boolean isFull() {
        return ((tail + 1) % size) == head;
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
 * boolean param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
 * boolean param_2 = obj.deQueue();
 * int param_3 = obj.Front();
 * int param_4 = obj.Rear();
 * boolean param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
 * boolean param_6 = obj.isFull();
 */

队列广度优先

/**
 * Return the length of the shortest path between root and target node.
 */
int BFS(Node root, Node target) {
    Queue<Node> queue;  // store all nodes which are waiting to be processed
    int step = 0;       // number of steps neeeded from root to current node
    // initialize
    add root to queue;
    // BFS
    while (queue is not empty) {
        step = step + 1;
        // iterate the nodes which are already in the queue
        int size = queue.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            Node cur = the first node in queue;
            return step if cur is target;
            for (Node next : the neighbors of cur) {
                add next to queue;
            }
            remove the first node from queue;
        }
    }
    return -1;          // there is no path from root to target
}

栈

// "static void main" must be defined in a public class.
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. Initialize a stack.
        Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>();
        // 2. Push new element.
        s.push(5);
        s.push(13);
        s.push(8);
        s.push(6);
        // 3. Check if stack is empty.
        if (s.empty() == true) {
            System.out.println("Stack is empty!");
            return;
        }
        // 4. Pop an element.
        s.pop();
        // 5. Get the top element.
        System.out.println("The top element is: " + s.peek());
        // 6. Get the size of the stack.
        System.out.println("The size is: " + s.size());
    }
}

栈和深度优先遍历

/*
 * Return true if there is a path from cur to target.
 */
boolean DFS(Node cur, Node target, Set<Node> visited) {
    return true if cur is target;
    for (next : each neighbor of cur) {
        if (next is not in visited) {
            add next to visted;
            return true if DFS(next, target, visited) == true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}