Django-1-庖丁解牛-Django项目结构及setting.py文件

项目结构概述

当我们使用django-admin startproject project-name创建项目时，即自动创建该名称的目录，目录结构如下：

yutdeMacBook-Pro:django_test yut$ django-admin startproject web
yutdeMacBook-Pro:django_test yut$ ls # django_test目录下生成web目录
web
yutdeMacBook-Pro:django_test yut$ tree web
web # 与项目名称同名目录
├── manage.py # 自动生成的管理主程序
└── web # 与项目名称同名目录
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── asgi.py
    ├── settings.py # 配置项
    ├── urls.py # url网址配置
    └── wsgi.py

1 directory, 6 files

settings.py

• settings.py 包含了django项目启动的所有配置项
• 配置项分为公有配置和自定义配置：公有配置为django官方提供基础配置
• 配置项格式：BASE_DIR = ‘XXX’
• 自定义配置名称尽量个性化防止覆盖公有配置，例如ALIPAY_KEY = ‘xxx’
• 引入方式：from django.conf import settings
  可以通过vscode，打开目录的方式浏览项目结构和文件内容：
  
• settings.py 具体内容解析

"""
Django settings for web project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.6.

For more information on this file, see（更多配置信息内容）
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see（更全的配置以及值设置信息）
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os  # 调用os操作系统模块，便于python与系统进行对接操作，例如创建目录、文件

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
print(BASE_DIR)  # /Users/yut/Desktop/django_test/web
# os.path.abspath(__file__)表示当前文件即settings.py的绝对路径
# os.path.dirname表示或取该文件所在目录，一次一级，两次套娃则表示上上一级目录
# 实际上上述代码是获得了该项目所在的目录，并将该目录作为基础目录

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '3^r4gvw*ugin8pjzsmdvvhnvurj4+0beotc0=e$d394t#=8cdh'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
# True调试模式，在开发测试使用，检测代码改动后立刻重启服务，具备报错页面，可以根据报错信息进行debug
# False上线部署模式，正式部署网页的时候使用，防止暴露后台信息

# 请求host头，f12查看网页host头，django允许接入访问的网址/域名，默认空配
# ['www.baidu.com'] 具体域名
# ['*'],允许在局域网其他主机也能访问此主机的django服务，启动时python3 manage.py  runserver 0.0.0.0:5000
# 指定网络设备如果内网环境下其他主机想访问改站点，需要ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['内网ip']，其他设备通过该域名：端口号访问
# []空列表表示请求头host为127.0.0.1，localhost能访问本项目
# ['192.168.0.1', '127.0.0.1'] 表示只有这两个host可以访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 允许网页可以被访问到的域名


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'web.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'web.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

# 语言，中文'zh-Hans',英文'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

# 时区，东八区'Asia/Shanghai',格林尼治'UTC'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'