设计模式——单例模式

创建型模式

1.单例者模式

import traceback

import pymysql
from dbutils.pooled_db import PooledDB


class MySQLHelper(object):
    def __init__(self, host, port, dbuser, password, database):
        self.pool = PooledDB(
            creator=pymysql,  # 使用链接数据库的模块
            maxconnections=6,  # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数
            mincached=2,  # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建
            maxcached=5,  # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制
            # 链接池中最多共享的链接数量，
            # 0和None表示全部共享。
            # PS: 无用，因为pymysql和MySQLdb等模块的 threadsafety都为1，
            # 所有值无论设置为多少，_maxcached永远为0，所以永远是所有链接都共享。
            maxshared=3,
            
            blocking=True,  # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错
            maxusage=None,  # 一个链接最多被重复使用的次数，None表示无限制
            setsession=[],  # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."]
            # ping MySQL服务端，检查是否服务可用。
            # 如：0 = None = never, 
            # 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 
            # 2 = when a cursor is created, 
            # 4 = when a query is executed, 
            # 7 = always
            ping=0,
            host=host,
            port=int(port),
            user=dbuser,
            password=password,
            database=database,
            charset='utf8'
        )
	
	# 确保全局只能创建一个MySQLHelper对象
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
        return cls._instance

    def create_conn_cursor(self):
        conn = self.pool.connection()
        cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
        return conn, cursor

    def fetch_all(self, sql, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            cursor.execute(sql, args)
            res = cursor.fetchall()
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    def insert_one(self, sql, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            res = cursor.execute(sql, args)
            conn.commit()
            print("记录数:" + str(res))
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    def insert_batch(self, sql, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            res = cursor.executemany(sql, args)
            conn.commit()
            print("记录数:" + str(res))
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    def update(self, sql, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            res = cursor.execute(sql, args)
            conn.commit()
            print("记录数:" + str(res))
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    def delete(self, sql, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            res = cursor.execute(sql, args)
            conn.commit()
            print("记录数:" + str(res))
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    # 存储函数调用(无返回值 ,增删改)
    # 参数格式 args=(1, 2, 3, 0)
    def my_function_vo(self, name, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            cursor.callproc(name, args)
            conn.commit()
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())

    # 存储函数调用(有返回值,查)
    # 参数格式 args=(1, 2, 3, 0)
    def mfunctionRe(self, name, args=None):
        try:
            conn, cursor = self.create_conn_cursor()
            cursor.callproc(name, args)
            conn.commit()
            res = cursor.fetchall()
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            return res
        except Exception:
            print(traceback.format_exc())


if __name__ == '__main__':

    sql_helper = MySQLHelper("192.168.226.137", 3306, "root", "password", "test")
    sql_helper1 = MySQLHelper("192.168.226.137", 3306, "root", "password", "test")
    print(id(sql_helper))
    print(id(sql_helper1))

    rest = sql_helper.fetch_all("select * from article")
    rest1 = sql_helper1.fetch_all("select * from article")

    for i in rest:
        print(i)

    for i in rest1:
        print(i)

    # sql_helper.my_function_vo("deWeight")

    # sql_helper.fetch_all("select * from user where id=%s",(1))

    # sql_helper.insert_one("insert into user VALUES (%s,%s)",("jinwangba",4))

    # sql_helper.update("update user SET name=%s WHERE  id=%s",("yinwangba",1))

定义：保证一个类只有一个实例，并提供一个访问它的全局访问点

优点

1. 对唯一实例的受控访问
2. 单例相当于全局变量，但防止了命名空间被污染