SQL实例

1.查找最晚入职员工的所有信息

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 1;

2.查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 2,1;

3.查找各个部门当前(to_date=‘9999-01-01’)领导当前薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no

CREATE TABLE dept_manager (

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select s.emp_no,s.salary,s.from_date,s.to_date,de.dept_no
from salaries s INNER JOIN dept_manager de
on de.emp_no=s.emp_no
and de.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.to_date='9999-01-01';

4.查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name

CREATE TABLE dept_emp (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select e.last_name,e.first_name,de.dept_no
from employees e inner join dept_emp de
on e.emp_no=de.emp_no

5.查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no，也包括展示没有分配具体部门的员工

CREATE TABLE dept_emp (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select e.last_name,e.first_name,de.dept_no
from employees e left join dept_emp de --包括所有员工，左连接
on e.emp_no=de.emp_no;

6.查找所有员工入职时候的薪水情况，给出emp_no以及salary， 并按照emp_no进行逆序

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select s.emp_no,s.salary
from salaries s inner join employees e
on s.emp_no=e.emp_no and e.hire_date=s.from_date    --and，where筛选结果，on连接条件
order by s.emp_no desc;

7.查找薪水涨幅超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的涨幅次数t

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select emp_no,count(salary) as t
from salaries
group by emp_no having t>15;  --group by ...having...分组，否则得到的结果是所有薪水纪录的总数

8.找出所有员工当前(to_date=‘9999-01-01’)具体的薪水salary情况，对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select distinct salary from salaries --distinct不需要加括号
where to_date=‘9999-01-01’
order by salary desc

9.获取所有部门当前manager的当前薪水情况，给出dept_no, emp_no以及salary，当前表示to_date=‘9999-01-01’
CREATE TABLE dept_manager (
dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,
emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,
from_date date NOT NULL,
to_date date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));
CREATE TABLE salaries (
emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,
salary int(11) NOT NULL,
from_date date NOT NULL,
to_date date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select de.dept_no,de.emp_no,s.salary
from dept_manager de inner join salaries s
on de.emp_no=s.emp_no
and de.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.to_date='9999-01-01';

10.获取所有非manager的员工emp_no

CREATE TABLE dept_manager (

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select e.emp_no
from employees e left join dept_manager de --非manager的员工，左连接，左表全显示，右表记录显示为空
on e.emp_no=de.emp_no
where de.emp_no is null;

11.获取所有员工当前的manager，如果当前的manager是自己的话结果不显示，当前表示to_date=‘9999-01-01’。

结果第一列给出当前员工的emp_no,第二列给出其manager对应的manager_no。

CREATE TABLE dept_emp (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE dept_manager (

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

select dee.emp_no,dem.emp_no as manager_no
from dept_emp dee inner join dept_manager dem
on dee.dept_no=dem.dept_no     --连接条件是什么，如果是dee.emp_no=dem.emp_no,则筛选的是manager
where dem.emp_no<>dee.emp_no     --剔除为manager的人
and dee.to_date='9999-01-01'
and dem.to_date='9999-01-01'

12.获取所有部门中当前员工薪水最高的相关信息，给出dept_no, emp_no以及其对应的salary

CREATE TABLE dept_emp (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

dept_no char(4) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no));

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select d.dept_no,d.emp_no,max(s.salary) as salary
from dept_emp d inner join salaries s 
on d.emp_no=s.emp_no
where d.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.to_date='9999-01-01'
group by d.dept_no order by d.dept_no 

注：JOIN 在内连接时，可以不使用，其它类型连接必须使用。
如SELECT * FROM TABLE A INNER JOIN TABLE B ON A.ID=B.ID
可以这样写：
SELECT * FROM TABLE A,TABLE B WHERE A.ID=B.ID

13.从titles表获取按照title进行分组，每组个数大于等于2，给出title以及对应的数目t。

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS “titles” (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

title varchar(50) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

select title,count(title) as t
from titles
group by title having t>=2;

14.从titles表获取按照title进行分组，每组个数大于等于2，给出title以及对应的数目t。

注意对于重复的emp_no进行忽略。

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS “titles” (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

title varchar(50) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

select title,count(distinct emp_no) t
from titles
group by title having t>=2;

15.查找employees表所有emp_no为奇数，且last_name不为Mary的员工信息，并按照hire_date逆序排列

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

select * from employees e
where emp_no%2==1
and last_name<>'Mary'
order by hire_date desc;

16.统计出当前各个title类型对应的员工当前薪水对应的平均工资。结果给出title以及平均工资avg。

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS “titles” (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

title varchar(50) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date DEFAULT NULL);

select t.title,avg(s.salary) as avg
from titles t inner join salaries s
on t.emp_no=s.emp_no
where t.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.to_date='9999-01-01'
group by title

17.获取当前（to_date=‘9999-01-01’）薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select emp_no,salary
from salaries
where to_date='9999-01-01'
order by salary desc limit 1,1;

18.查找当前薪水(to_date=‘9999-01-01’)排名第二多的员工编号emp_no、薪水salary、last_name以及first_name，不准使用order by

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

birth_date date NOT NULL,

first_name varchar(14) NOT NULL,

last_name varchar(16) NOT NULL,

gender char(1) NOT NULL,

hire_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no));

CREATE TABLE salaries (

emp_no int(11) NOT NULL,

salary int(11) NOT NULL,

from_date date NOT NULL,

to_date date NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,from_date));

select e.emp_no,max(s.salary),e.last_name,e.first_name
from employees e inner join salaries s
on e.emp_no=s.emp_no
where s.salary<(select max(salary) from salaries)  --从哪个表中获取数据不可写省略形式
and s.to_date='9999-01-01';