【Python单元测试】学习笔记2

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已于 2024-08-16 00:48:24 修改

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文章标签： python 单元测试学习

于 2024-08-15 22:23:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42761751/article/details/141202123

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文章目录

python单元测试学习笔记1： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42761751/article/details/141144477?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

python单元测试学习笔记2 ：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42761751/article/details/141202123?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

python单元测试学习笔记3 ： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42761751/article/details/141233236?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

04. Mock

什么是Mock
Mock和MagicMock
Mock实例

什么是Mock

Mock就是要模拟函数、方法、类的行为

Mock和MagicMock

unittest.mock模块提供了Mock和MagicMock：

Mock主要模拟指定的方法和属性
MagicMock是Mock的子类，同时模拟了很多Magic方法（len, __str__等等）

Mock实例

from unittest.mock import Mock

# 创建一个Mock对象
mock = Mock()

# 模拟find_person 函数，在执行测试时执行到find_person这个函数，会直接返回{"id" :1, "name":"jack"}，而不是真正的去执行函数
mock.find_person.return_value = {
    "id" :1,
    "name":"jack"
}

# 调用find person函数
print(mock.find_person())

如果执行代码逻辑中，某一个函数不想被真的调用的话，可以使用Mock方法

05. patch

patch能做什么
patch的目标
使用patch

patch能做什么

patch可以临时用Mock对象替换一个目标（函数，方法，类）

patch的目标

patch可以替换的目标：

目标必须是可以import的
是在使用目标的地方替换而不是替换定义

使用patch

使用patch的三种方式

装饰器方式
上下文管理器方式
手动方式

装饰器方式：

import unittest
from unittest.mock import Mock,patch
from myprj.service import student_service

class TestStudentService(unittest.TestCase):
    
    @patch("myprj.service.student_service.save_student") 
    @patch("myprj.service.student_service.find_student_by_id") # 把find_student_by_id函数替换成Mock对象
    
    def test_change_name_detector(self, find_student_mock, save_student_mock):
        '''参数find_student_mock与save_student_mock上述@patch是逆序的方式
        '''

        # setup
        student = Mock(id=1, name = 'Jack')
        find_student_mock.return_value = student

        # Action
        student_service.change_name(1, 'Tom')

        # Assert
        self.assertEqual('Tom', student.name)

上下文管理器方式：

	def test_change_name_contextmanager(self):
        # setup
        student = Mock(id=1, name = 'Jack')
        find_student_mock.return_value = student

        with patch("myprj.service.student_service.find_student_by_id") as find_student_mock, \
            patch("myprj.service.student_service.save_student"):
            # Action
            find_student_mock.return_value = student
            student_service.change_name(1, 'Tom')

            # Assert
            self.assertEqual('Tom', student.name)

手动方式

	@patch("myprj.service.student_service.find_student_by_id")
    def test_change_name_manual(self,find_student_mock):
        # setup
        student = Mock(id=1, name = 'Jack')
        find_student_mock.return_value = student

        patcher = patch("myprj.service.student_service.save_student")
        patcher.start()
        # Action
        student_service.change_name(1, 'Tom')
        patcher.stop()

        # Assert
        self.assertEqual('Tom', student.name)

06.测试实例

需要被测试的代码：

from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
import os.path

class ProductService:

    def download_img(self, url:str):
        site_url = Request(url, headers={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0"})
        with urlopen(site_url) as web_file:
            img_data = web_file.read()

        if not img_data:
            raise Exception(f"Error: cannot load the image from {url}")
        
        file_name = os.path.basename(url)
        with open(file_name, "wb") as file:
            file.write(img_data)
        
        return f"Download image successfully, {file_name}"

测试代码：

import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
from product_service import ProductService

class TestProductService(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    """
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        self.service = ProductService()
    
    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        self.service = None


    @patch("product_service.urlopen")
    @patch("product_service.Request.__new__")
    def test_download_img_with_excertion(self, request_mock, urlopen_mock):
        # Setup
        url = "http://www.google.com/a.jpg"
        urlopen_return_mock = MagicMock()
        webfile_mock = MagicMock()
        urlopen_mock.return_value = urlopen_return_mock
        urlopen_return_mock.__enter__.return_value = webfile_mock
        webfile_mock.read.return_value = None 

        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
            # Action
            self.service.download_img(url)

    @patch("builtins.open")    
    @patch("os.path.basename")
    @patch("product_service.urlopen")
    @patch("product_service.Request.__new__")
    def test_download_img_with_success(self, request_mock, urlopen_mock, basename_mock, open_mock):
        # Setup
        url = "http://www.google.com/a.jpg"
        urlopen_return_mock = MagicMock()
        webfile_mock = MagicMock()
        urlopen_mock.return_value = urlopen_return_mock
        urlopen_return_mock.__enter__.return_value = webfile_mock
        webfile_mock.read.return_value = "not none" 
        basename_mock.return_value = "fff"

        # Action
        result = self.service.download_img(url)

        self.assertEqual("Download image successfully, fff", result)