嵌入式Linux学习笔记8_IIC中的重要结构体

以下是从Linux内核源码中i2c-dev.c中摘下来的代码段，两个结构体

struct i2c_adapter {
	struct module *owner;
	unsigned int class;		  /* classes to allow probing for */
	const struct i2c_algorithm *algo; /* the algorithm to access the bus */
	void *algo_data;

	/* data fields that are valid for all devices	*/
	const struct i2c_lock_operations *lock_ops;
	struct rt_mutex bus_lock;
	struct rt_mutex mux_lock;

	int timeout;			/* in jiffies */
	int retries;
	struct device dev;		/* the adapter device */

	int nr;  /*定义了这是第几个iic控制器*/
	char name[48];
	struct completion dev_released;

	struct mutex userspace_clients_lock;
	struct list_head userspace_clients;

	struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bus_recovery_info;
	const struct i2c_adapter_quirks *quirks;
};

首先根据序号nr找到i2c_adapter，然后利用函数xfer来和某一个iic设备发送数据，这些设备在linux源码中用iic_client定义。

struct i2c_algorithm {
	/* If an adapter algorithm can't do I2C-level access, set master_xfer
	   to NULL. If an adapter algorithm can do SMBus access, set
	   smbus_xfer. If set to NULL, the SMBus protocol is simulated
	   using common I2C messages */
	/* master_xfer should return the number of messages successfully
	   processed, or a negative value on error */
	int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs,  /* *master_xfer表示iic主设备的传输函数 */
			   int num);
	int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,
			   unsigned short flags, char read_write,
			   u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);

	/* To determine what the adapter supports */
	u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_I2C_SLAVE)
	int (*reg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client);
	int (*unreg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client);
#endif
};

以下是i2c_client的结构体，其中重要的是addr，设备地址，它定义了不同iic设备的设备地址。

struct i2c_client {
	unsigned short flags;		/* div., see below		*/
	unsigned short addr;		/* chip address - NOTE: 7bit	*/
					/* addresses are stored in the	*/
					/* _LOWER_ 7 bits		*/
	char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
	struct i2c_adapter *adapter;	/* the adapter we sit on	*/
	struct device dev;		/* the device structure		*/
	int irq;			/* irq issued by device		*/
	struct list_head detected;
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_I2C_SLAVE)
	i2c_slave_cb_t slave_cb;	/* callback for slave mode	*/
#endif
};

对于同一个设备，但是是由不同iic控制器发出的控制，是由adapter控制的，也就是说，在这里addr一样，但是adapter却不一样。

传输的数据由i2c_msg结构体定义，buf里存放了传输的数据，len定义的是msg的长度，其中flags表示传输方向：bit0=I2C_M_RD表示读，bit0=0表示写。

struct i2c_msg {
	__u16 addr;	/* slave address			*/
	__u16 flags;
#define I2C_M_RD		0x0001	/* read data, from slave to master */
					/* I2C_M_RD is guaranteed to be 0x0001! */
#define I2C_M_TEN		0x0010	/* this is a ten bit chip address */
#define I2C_M_RECV_LEN		0x0400	/* length will be first received byte */
#define I2C_M_NO_RD_ACK		0x0800	/* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */
#define I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK	0x1000	/* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */
#define I2C_M_REV_DIR_ADDR	0x2000	/* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */
#define I2C_M_NOSTART		0x4000	/* if I2C_FUNC_NOSTART */
#define I2C_M_STOP		0x8000	/* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */
	__u16 len;		/* msg length				*/
	__u8 *buf;		/* pointer to msg data			*/
};

举个例子：设备地址为0x50的EEPROM，要读取它里面存储地址为0x10的一个字节，应该构造几个i2c_msg?需要构造两个i2c_msg
1)第一个i2c_msg表示写操作，但要把访问的存储地址0x10发给设备。
2)第二个i2c_msg表示读操作
代码如下：

u8 data_addr = 0x10;
i8 data;
struct i2c_msg msgs[2];

msgs[0].addr = 0x50;
msgs[0].flags = 0;
msgs[0].len = 1;
msgs[0].buf = &data_addr;

msgs[1].addr = 0x50;
msgs[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
msgs[1].len = 1;
msgs[1].buf = &data;