二十三种设计模式(十二)享元模式

享元模式指的是在程序设计时,对于频繁使用的对象可以提前缓存以备复用,从而减小对象频繁创建销毁带来的内存开销。

如数据库连接池等

下面用Integer的源码做例子

public final class Integer extends Number

implements Comparable<Integer>, Constable, ConstantDesc {

public static Integer valueOf(int i) {

if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)

return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];

return new Integer(i);

}

private static class IntegerCache {

static final int low = -128;

static final int high;

static final Integer[] cache;

static Integer[] archivedCache;

static {

// high value may be configured by property

int h = 127;

String integerCacheHighPropValue =

VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");

if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {

try {

h = Math.max(parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue), 127);

// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE

h = Math.min(h, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);

} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {

// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.

}

}

high = h;

// Load IntegerCache.archivedCache from archive, if possible

CDS.initializeFromArchive(IntegerCache.class);

int size = (high - low) + 1;

// Use the archived cache if it exists and is large enough

if (archivedCache == null || size > archivedCache.length) {

Integer[] c = new Integer[size];

int j = low;

for(int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {

c[i] = new Integer(j++);

}

archivedCache = c;

}

cache = archivedCache;

// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)

assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;

}

private IntegerCache() {}

}

}

上述可以看到,Integer类中默认将-128 到 127 之间的Integer对象都放到内部类IntegerCache缓存了起来,用的时候直接取缓存对象即可。这就是享元模式,减少频繁创建销毁对象的开支;

验证:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Integer i1 = Integer.valueOf(127);

Integer i2 = Integer.valueOf(127);

Integer i3 = Integer.valueOf(128);

Integer i4 = Integer.valueOf(128);

Integer i5 = Integer.valueOf(-128);

Integer i6 = Integer.valueOf(-128);

Integer i7 = Integer.valueOf(-129);

Integer i8 = Integer.valueOf(-129);

System.out.println(i1==i2);

System.out.println(i3==i4);

System.out.println(i5==i6);

System.out.println(i7==i8);

}

}

运行结果:

true

false

true

false