1108 Finding Average

The basic task is simple: given N real numbers, you are supposed to calculate their average. But what makes it complicated is that some of the input numbers might not be legal. A legal input is a real number in [−1000,1000] and is accurate up to no more than 2 decimal places. When you calculate the average, those illegal numbers must not be counted in.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (≤100). Then N numbers are given in the next line, separated by one space.

Output Specification:

For each illegal input number, print in a line ERROR: X is not a legal number where X is the input. Then finally print in a line the result: The average of K numbers is Y where K is the number of legal inputs and Y is their average, accurate to 2 decimal places. In case the average cannot be calculated, output Undefined instead of Y. In case K is only 1, output The average of 1 number is Y instead.

Sample Input 1:

7
5 -3.2 aaa 9999 2.3.4 7.123 2.35

Sample Output 1:

ERROR: aaa is not a legal number
ERROR: 9999 is not a legal number
ERROR: 2.3.4 is not a legal number
ERROR: 7.123 is not a legal number
The average of 3 numbers is 1.38

Sample Input 2:

2
aaa -9999

Sample Output 2:

ERROR: aaa is not a legal number
ERROR: -9999 is not a legal number
The average of 0 numbers is Undefined

分析

1. 可输入的字符只有“.”，“-”以及0-9的数字。
2. 负号若出现，只能在第一位。
3. 小数点可以在首位或末位（这是一个隐藏的坑点）。
4. 小数点不能出现多次，小数点后最多2位。
5. stoi/stod/stof函数可将string直接转化为数字，免去麻烦的计算。

AC代码

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

bool check(string s) {
    int pnum = 0, ppos; //小数点个数和位置 
    for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
        if ((s[i] < '0' || s[i] > '9') && (s[i] != '.' && s[i] != '-'))
            return false;
        if (s[i] == '-' && i != 0) return false;
        if (s[i] == '.') {
            pnum++;
            if (pnum > 1) return false;
            ppos = i;
        }
    }
    if (pnum > 0 && ppos < s.size() - 3) //小数点后多于两位 
		return false;
    if (stod(s) > 1000.0 || stod(s) < -1000.0)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}

int main(){
	string s;
	int n; //数字个数
	int cnt = 0; //合法值个数 
	double sum = 0.0, avg; //数字总和及平均值
	cin>>n;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin>>s;
		if(check(s) == false)
			cout<<"ERROR: "<<s<<" is not a legal number"<<endl;
		else{
			cnt++;
			sum += stod(s);
		}
	} 
	if(cnt == 0) cout<<"The average of 0 numbers is Undefined";
	else if(cnt == 1)
		cout<<"The average of 1 number is "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<sum;
	else{
		avg = sum / cnt;
		cout<<"The average of "<<cnt<<" numbers is ";
		cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<avg;
	}	
	return 0;
}