linux下的软件管理

小莫细说linux

已于 2022-08-18 10:06:51 修改

阅读量1k

点赞数

分类专栏： linux操作系统基础文章标签： linux 运维 ssh

于 2021-08-26 23:14:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43114229/article/details/119913759

版权

linux操作系统基础专栏收录该内容

18 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

1.Linux中软件包的类型

1.DEB #UBlinux DEBlinux

2.RPM #redhat centOS fc

3.bz2|gz|xz #1.需要源码安装需要编译
#2.绿色软件，直接可用
#ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz 需要编译 “configure”
#Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 绿色

“注意在rhel8中只能使用绿色软件，源码编译软件和rpm软件”

2.软件包的名称结构

[dhcp-server]-[4.3.6-30].[el8].[x86_64].[rpm]
      1             2      3       4      5

1.软件名称
2.软件版本
3.软件的授权协议版本
4.软件架构
5.软件类型后缀

3.rpm命令管理软件包

rpm

命令	功能
-ivh	安装参数组合-i install -v verbose -h hash
-a	所有
-f	文件
-p	软件包
-q	查询
-l	软件安装文件列表
-e	卸载
-c	配置文件
-d	说明
–info	软件信息
–force	强制
–nodeps	忽略依赖性但有些软件包即使忽略依赖性安装成功，也无法使用
–scripts	查询软件在安装或卸载过程中的运行脚本
-Kv	检测软件md5校验码
-V	检测已安装软件在系统中的文件被修改信息

[root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qa  查询系统中所有安装的软件名字
python3-pycparser-2.14-14.el8.noarch
startup-notification-0.12-15.el8.x86_64
python3-meh-0.47.2-1.el8.noarch
cryptsetup-libs-2.2.2-1.el8.x86_64
sg3_utils-1.44-5.el8.x86_64
liberation-fonts-common-2.00.
[root@foundation50 ~]# which qq  查询qq存放的位置
/usr/local/bin/qq
[root@foundation50 ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/bin/qq  若误删qq存放的文件
[root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/local/bin/qq  -qf可以查询文件对应的是那个安装包
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm  重新安装qq报错，显示已经安装
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
	package linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 is already installed
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --force  需要强制安装 后面跟--force 就表示强制安装
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:linuxqq-2.0.0-b2                 ################################# [100%]
注意：一般需要用到强制安装就是已经安装过了，需要再一次安装
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qp linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm   -qp查询软件安装包 ，安装
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 不加p也可以 ，未安装的软件包也可以查询
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ql linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm  查询软件安装文件列表，没有安装也可以查询
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/bin/crashpad_handler
/usr/local/bin/qq
/usr/local/lib/tencent-qq
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/CHANGELOG.txt
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/credits.html
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/qq.png
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/res.db
/usr/share/applications/qq.desktop
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qi linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm  查询软件信息 或者加 --info，如下
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --info  查询软件信
Name        : linuxqq
Version     : 2.0.0
Release     : b2
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group       : Unspecified
Size        : 36250379
License     : Commercial
Signature   : (none)
Source RPM  : linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.src.rpm
Build Date  : Thu 18 Mar 2021 09:16:51 AM CST
Build Host  : fengfuliu1556250928808-0.fengfuliu1556250928808.default.svc.cluster.local
Relocations : /usr/local 
Packager    : Tencent <support@tencent.com>
Vendor      : Tencent Inc.
URL         : https://im.qq.com/linuxqq
Summary     : QQ for linux
Description :
腾讯QQ Linux版本。
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -e linuxqq  卸载软件
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qc openssh-server 查询软件的配置文件
/etc/pam.d/sshd
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/sysconfig/sshd
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qd openssh-server 查询软件的说明
/usr/share/man/man5/moduli.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sftp-server.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sshd.8.gz
[root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -ivh google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --nodeps  谷歌浏览器有很多依赖性， --nodeps 表示忽略依赖性安装 
[root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -qp  google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --scripts  查询软件在安装或卸载过程中的运行脚本
preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):  安装前干的事情

exit 0


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#   Post install script   安装后干的事情
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): 

# Add icons to the system icons
XDG_ICON_RESOURCE="`which xdg-icon-resource 2> /dev/null || true`"
if [ ! -x "$XDG_ICON_RESOURCE" ]; then
。。。。。
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm  检测软件md5校验码,校验码都是ok的，说明软件没有被串改
linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:
    Header SHA1 digest: OK   j
    MD5 digest: OK 
[root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm  软件包被串改
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 
linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:
    Header SHA1 digest: OK
    Payload SHA256 digest: NOTFOUND     检测不ok，说明软件被传改过
    MD5 digest: BAD (Expected 0f1b878b71b988a16eb3017a041c583a != a994652b824907d2037e57c0f7cb8cd2)
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq   检测已安装软件在系统中的文件是否被修改
[root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> /usr/local/bin/qq  修改qq的文件
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq
S.5....T.    /usr/local/bin/qq   显示文件被修改过

4 、本地软件仓库的搭建

系统软件仓库的作用：在系统中对软件进行管理，rpm命令是不能解决依赖关系的，如果需要软件在安装过程中自动解决依赖关系，需要搭建系统软件仓库，就像手机商店一样

搭建方法

 1、下载系统安装时所需的安装镜像
 [root@foundation50 isos]# ls
rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso  镜像里有官方准备的安装包，若想查看者需要挂载到目录里，通过目录查看镜像里面的内容
2、建立目录
[root@foundation50 isos]# mkdir /westos
3、挂载
[root@foundation50 isos]# mount rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /westos/ 挂载镜像
mount: /westos: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@foundation50 isos]# df  查看是否挂载好
Filesystem                         1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                             6054996        0   6054996   0% /dev
tmpfs                                6085392   141976   5943416   3% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                6085392    18252   6067140   1% /run
tmpfs                                6085392        0   6085392   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel_foundation50-root 307230136 77438184 229791952  26% /
/dev/sda6                            1038336   213064    825272  21% /boot
/dev/sda2                              98304    31279     67025  32% /boot/efi
tmpfs                                1217076       12   1217064   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                                1217076       24   1217052   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop0                           8238560  8238560         0 100% /westos
[root@foundation50 isos]# cd /westos/ q切换到westos
[root@foundation50 westos]# ls  可以看到镜像里面的内容
AppStream  EULA              images      RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
BaseOS     extra_files.json  isolinux    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI        GPL               media.repo  TRANS.TBL

AppStream中是一些应用软件 BaseOS中是一些内核等软件在安装软件的时候有一些依赖性，不确定依赖性在哪个库中，所以在搭建本地软件仓库的时候，两个库都写

4、编写软件仓库文件

[root@foundation50 westos]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  仓库文件指向目录
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
 将编写的文件放在仓库文件指向目录中，并且文件的结尾必须是以repo结尾否则不识别
[ AppStream]	##仓库名称    应用软件
name=AppStream		##描述
baseurl=file:///westos/AppStream	##f访问软件存放目录地址       /westos  为自己挂载镜像目录
gpgcheck=0			##等于0不检测gpgkey（跳过授权检测）    =1：等于1检测，此时需要gpgkey
gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release       ### 去检测软件是不是官方授权的

[BaseOS]###系统的核心：函数库，内核
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///westos/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enable=1 ###表示启用此库    默认为1   =0：不启用此库

[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf clean all  将系统中以及读取过软件仓库的信息清理掉
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
25 files removed
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/  清除的就是这个目录里的文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602  BaseOS-e603ff569954d031         last_makecache
AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e  commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7    packages.db
AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0  expired_repos.json              rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af
BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f     google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba  tempfiles.json
BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1     kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list gcc  列出gcc软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
AppStream                                                        32 MB/s | 5.8 MB     00:00    
BaseOS                                                           26 MB/s | 2.3 MB     00:00    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64                                8.3.1-5.el8                                 @AppStream     发现已经有了gcc软件包
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf install gcc -y  此时就可以安装gcc
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:44 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST.
Package gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

5.网络软件仓库的搭建

在企业中，我们维护的系统数量庞大，
当我们需要在每个系统安装软件管理软件时
可以在每个系统中各自搭建软件仓库
但是这样管理软件会浪费大量的资源
如何节省这部分重复的资源
需要把大家都要使用的资源共享到互联网中
这样大家就可以利用网络访问资源，不需要在每一台主机中独立建立软件资源了。

搭建方法：
1、利用镜像搭建系统本地仓库，（如上）
2、安装共享软件

共享方式http://	  超文本传输协议
提供此协议的软件	  Apache
软件包名称		  httpd
共享位置		   /var/www/html   Apache默认发布目录
安装命令	  dnf install httpd -y

3.启用共享软件Apache

 systemctl disable --now firewalld 关闭火墙
 systemctl enable --now httpd      ###设置httpd开机自启动

4.建立共享目录

mkdir /var/www/html/westos

5.挂在景象到共享目录

先卸载掉之前的挂载 umount /westos
挂载：mount /xxxxxxx.iso	/var/www/html/westos当镜像在系统中存在时
mount /dev/cdrom	/var/www/html/westos 不存在镜像时可使用光驱读取镜像

vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local 在开机时自动挂载

mount /isos/rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso   /var/www/html/westos
chmod +X /etc/rc.d/rc.local ##给予可执行权力

6.在远程主机westos_linux中访问资源并书写repo文件 ##也可以直接在本地测试

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo  软件仓库指向目录 ，文件必须以repo结尾
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream/   172.25.254.50未共享主机的ip
gpgcheck=0

[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS/
gpgcheck=0

6.dnf 软件管理命令

dnf

命令	功能
repolist	列出仓库信息
clean all	清除系统中已经加载的仓库缓存信息
list all	列出所有软件
list available	列出未安装软件
list installed	列出已安装软件
install	安装
remove	卸载
reinstall	重新安装
search	搜索
whatprovides	搜索包含文件的软件包
history	dnf执行历史
history info	dnf执行历史详细信息
group list	列出软件组
group list --installed	列出已安装软件组
group list --available	列出未安装软件组
group list --hidden	列出隐藏软件案组
group install	安装软件组
group info	查看软件组信息

[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist  列出仓库软件信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id                                          repo name
AppStream                                        AppStream
BaseOS                                           BaseOS
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/  以加载的仓库信息文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602  BaseOS-5a0b07a03f07bb81       google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba
AppStream-66c7d678d2cb8d44  BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f       kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618
AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e  BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1       last_makecache
AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0  BaseOS-e603ff569954d031       packages.db
AppStream-edd56422de0841bf  BaseOS-filenames.solvx        rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af
AppStream-filenames.solvx   BaseOS.solv                   tempfiles.json
AppStream.solv              commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7
BaseOS-380ca80269784dd9     expired_repos.json
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf clean all  清除以加载的仓库信息文件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
20 files removed
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list all  列出所有软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:06 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
Installed Packages
GConf2.x86_64                               3.2.6-22.el8                              @AppStream  
ModemManager.x86_64                         1.10.8-2.el8                              @anaconda   
ModemManager-glib.x86_64                    1.10.8-2.el8                              @anaconda   
NetworkManager.x86_64                       1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda   
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64                  1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda   
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64             1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda   
NetworkManager-config-server.noarch         1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda   
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                 1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda   
NetworkManager-team.x86_64                  1:1.22.8-4.el8                            @anaconda  
。。。。。。。。
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list available 列出未安装软件
yp-tools.x86_64                                 4.2.3-1.el8                              AppStream
ypbind.x86_64                                   3:2.5-2.el8                              AppStream
ypserv.x86_64                                   4.0-6.20170331git5bfba76.el8             AppStream
yum-utils.noarch                                4.0.12-3.el8                             BaseOS   
zlib.i686                                       1.2.11-13.el8                            BaseOS   
zlib-devel.i686                                 1.2.11-13.el8                            BaseOS   
zlib-devel.x86_64                               1.2.11-13.el8                            BaseOS   
zsh.x86_64                                      5.5.1-6.el8_1.2                          BaseOS   
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf  list installed  列出已安装软件
xorg-x11-xinit-session.x86_64              1.3.4-18.el8                               @AppStream  
xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_64                  7.7-27.el8                                 @AppStream  
xz.x86_64                                  5.2.4-3.el8                                @anaconda   
xz-libs.x86_64                             5.2.4-3.el8                                @anaconda   
yajl.x86_64                                2.1.0-10.el8                               @AppStream  
yelp.x86_64                                2:3.28.1-3.el8                             @AppStream  
yelp-libs.x86_64                           2:3.28.1-3.el8                             @AppStream  
yelp-tools.noarch                          3.28.0-3.el8                               @AppStream  
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf remove gcc  卸载软件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall gcc -y  安装过的软件要重新安装需要用reinstall
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf search httpd  通过关键字搜索软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:19:00 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
================================== Name Exactly Matched: httpd ===================================
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
================================= Name & Summary Matched: httpd ==================================
redhat-logos-httpd.noarch : Red Hat-related icons and pictures used by httpd
keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client
[root@foundation50 dnf]# rm -fr /bin/ls  删除了ls软件所在文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
bash: /usr/bin/ls: No such file or directory
[root@foundation50 dnf]# rpm -qf /bin/ls 可以用rpm命令查看是那个安装包
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf whatprovides /bin/ls dnf命令查看需要用 whatprovides
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:22:40 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo        : @System
Matched from:
Provide    : /bin/ls
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 -y 进行重新安装，ls命令就可以用了
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history   dnf执行的历史记录
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID     | Command line             | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    15 | reinstall coreutils-8.30 | 2021-08-26 11:40 | R              |    2   
    14 | reinstall gcc            | 2021-08-26 11:33 | R              |    2   
    13 | install gcc -y           | 2021-08-26 11:32 | Install        |    7   
    12 | remove gcc               | 2021-08-26 11:30 | Removed        |    7   
    11 | install gcc -y           | 2021-08-26 11:00 | Install        |    1  <
    10 | install httpd -y         | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Install        |    9 > 
     9 | erase httpd              | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Removed        |    9 EE
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history info 12  查看dnf执行的历史详细信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Transaction ID : 12
Begin time     : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:32 AM CST
Begin rpmdb    : 1481:fcd53e2f43d907ff7a8c4af7ab86e6b003c1d2f3
End time       : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:37 AM CST (5 seconds)
End rpmdb      : 1474:7b30c951e73b3fd01189a19cd950283a7b2577ac
User           :  <westos>
Return-Code    : Success
Releasever     : 8
Command Line   : remove gcc
Packages Altered:
    Removed cpp-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64               @@System
    Removed gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64               @@System
    Removed glibc-devel-2.28-101.el8.x86_64      @@System
    Removed glibc-headers-2.28-101.el8.x86_64    @@System
    Removed isl-0.16.1-6.el8.x86_64              @@System
    Removed kernel-headers-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 @@System
    Removed libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-4.el8.x86_64   @@Syste
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list  列出软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 2:57:21 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 12:06:20 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
   Server
   Minimal Install
   Workstation
   Virtualization Host
   Custom Operating System
Installed Environment Groups:
   Server with GUI
Installed Groups:
   Container Management
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --installed  列出已安装的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:52 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Installed Environment Groups:
   Server with GUI
Installed Groups:
   Container Management
   Headless Management
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --available  列出未安装的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:38 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
   Server
   Minimal Install
   Workstation
   Virtualization Host
   Custom Operating System
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list  --hidden  列出隐藏的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:59 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
   Server
   Minimal Install
   Workstation
   Virtualization Host
   Custom Operating System
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group info "Virtualization Client"  查看虚拟化软件组的信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:12:50 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.

Group: Virtualization Client
 Description: Clients for installing and managing virtualization instances.
 Mandatory Packages:
   gnome-boxes
   virt-install
   virt-manager
   virt-viewer
 Default Packages:
   virt-top
 Optional Packages:
   libguestfs-inspect-icons
   libguestfs-tools
   libguestfs-tools-c
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group install "Virtualization Client"  安装虚拟化软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:37 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==================================================================================================
 Package                Architecture          Version                Repository              Size
==================================================================================================
Installing Groups:
 Virtualization Client                                                                           

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!

自己电脑能上网的两条命令

[root@foundation50 isos]# ip route add default via 172.25.254.250  enp4s0f1 加一个网关
[root@foundation50 isos]# vim /etc/resolv.conf 
[root@foundation50 isos]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 114.114.114.114

7.网络源epel(可以下载系统里面没有的软件,如flameshot,pingyin)

[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim westos.repo  
[aliyunrepo]
name=aliyunrepo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/  阿里云镜像
gpgcheck=0  
[aliyunrepo]
name=aliyunrepo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0

[AppStream]               加上系统本地源,仓库就全了                                                                        
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream
gpgcheck=0

[BaseOS]                                                                                          
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf search flameshot  搜索flameshot
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:14 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:32:58 PM CST.
================================ Name Exactly Matched: flameshot =================================
flameshot.x86_64 : Powerful and simple to use screenshot software
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf install flameshot -y 下载

8 、java的安装

在这里插入图片描述

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install java-11-openjdk.x86_64 java-11-openjdk-devel.x86_64 -y 安装java两个安装包
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh 配置系统环境
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME:/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools,jar   
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim westos.java 写java代码
public class westos{
public static void main(string args[]){
System.out.println("hello westos");
}
}
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# javac westos.java  编译
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# java westos  java部署成功
hello westos

10 、下载软件安装包

下载yum工具包

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install yum-utils.noarch -y

把httpd安装包下载到当前目录

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd  
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 5:46:44 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST.
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm

下载httpd安装包到指定的mnt当中

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt  
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 5:49:12 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST.
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm   
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# ls /mnt/
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm

下载软件包并下载依赖性

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt --resolv

11.第三方软件仓库的搭建方法

官方为什么能读取文件里的软件包，而自己建立的目录放入软件包不能读取，因为缺少repodata/数据目录，repodata目录里面有软件元数据信息，例如软件名、依赖性等属性信息，官方是识别repodata里面数据，而不是识别软件本身
如何实现第三方软件仓库搭建，如下步骤：
##步骤##

1.建立共享目录
mkdir /var/www/html/software
2.把所有的第三方软件存放到/var/www/html/software中
/var/www/html/software中只能存在rpm类型的文件,压缩包是不能使用dnf管理的
3.采集第三方软件数据生成repodate目录
dnf install createrepo -y 安装采集工具
cd /var/www/html/software
进入到共享目录
createrepo . 对目录中进行扫描生成repodate数据目录
cretaerepo -v 指定目录
4.在测试主机中指定第三方共享源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
[software]
name=software
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/software
gpgcheck=0

注意：若重新加入软件，需要createrepo -v 去重新扫描

小莫细说linux

关注

0
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
打赏
0
评论
linux下的软件管理

1.Linux中软件包的类型1.DEB #UBlinux DEBlinux2.RPM #redhat centOS fc3.bz2|gz|xz #1.需要源码安装需要编译#2.绿色软件，直接可用#ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz 需要编译 “configure”#Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 绿色“注意在rhel8中只能使用绿色软件，源码编译软件和rpm软件”2.软件包的名称结构[dhcp-server]-[4.3.6-30].[
复制链接

扫一扫