Paper Writting3 - 注意事项

Paper 写作注意事项

(PS: 不定期更新)

科技写作需要清晰的实验描述和准确的思想表达，语句有多种解释，含糊不清是不可以的，应明确写出指代的事物，列出具体的数字。

1.语法习惯

1.主谓一致 the rule of argument

1.复杂句主谓一致
A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present in the sample.

2.集合名词
The number of mice in the experiments was increased.
A number of mice have died.

All of the samples were analyzed
All of the safety procedure was strictly followed.

None of the information was useful.
None of the animal were starved.

3.添加or减少
1.5 mL was added.
10 g was added.
6 hours was the required incubation time.
5 g were added stepwise.

4.特殊词
Series, type, portion, class 用单数
data, criteria, phenomena, media 用复数 (datum, criterion, phenomenon, medium 为单数形式)
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2.修饰关系 gerund, participle, infinitive

1.动名词 gerund
After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied. X
After finishing the perification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.

2.分词短语 participle
The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method. X
The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.

3.不定式短句 infinitive
To comfirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered. X
To comfirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.
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3.逻辑一致 logical

注意真正的主语名词和修饰关系一致性
1.acitvity, assay of activity
The assay of scavenging activity for hyfroxyl redicals was based on Fenton reaction.

2.reaction, reaction solution
The reaction solution was freshly prepared by mixing A, B, C in the ratio of 1: 1: 1 (v/v/v).
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4.代理名词 these

指代名词与对象保持一致
he, his
she, her
it, its
they, their, those, these
that, this

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5.被动强调 passive

被动句多表示强调研究对象，主动句多强调主体行为，故实验部分多以被动句为主对研究对象修饰

We studied their effects of cell growth.
改为:
Their effects on cell growth were studied.

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6.靠近原则 close

1.修饰词与主体邻近
狭隘修饰放最前，广义修饰放最后
NCI-H69 tumor bearing female athymic nude mice

2.which靠近对象
Reducing power, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity, represents the electron donating capacity.

3.主谓邻近
句子长短20字以内，主谓接近，不要用倒装

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7.名词作修饰 noun

1.避免多名词修饰
Top university researchers
blood white cell number
prostate cancer patient

2.名词修饰用单数
cell membrane
nanoparticle suspension solution
reaction mechanisms
(data, analysis, sports injury 为复数)

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8.数字写法 number

1.少于10用英文，大于10用阿拉伯数字
three experiments
one assay
23 rats
6,500 miles

2.有小数点和单位，用阿拉伯数字
1.2 hours
5 percent
3 am
page 3

3.句子开头数字用英文
Ethanol (10 mL) was added.

4.当两个数字并列，其中一个用英文
two 5-day study
12 two-engine airplanes

5.小于1数字单位为单数，大于1单位用复数
0.25 gram
0.8 second
1.5 grams
(zero meters, 0 meters 零用复数)

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9.单位 Units

1.数字与单位之间需空格
3.3 mg
4.0 mL

2.注意缩写方式
liter —— L
mol —— M （mM）
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10.冠词 the

1.定冠词the, 不定冠词 a, an, 不要忘记添加

2.泛指可不加冠词

3.Title 中冠词不大写，除了开头The

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2.句式时态

1.时态习惯 present and past

1.常用过去时
（1）未发表的实验和结果
（2）Abstract中自己的实验
（3）Methods步骤
（4）Results 具体实验结果展示
（5）Discussion 陈述

2.常用现在时
（1）已发表成果
（2）Introduction 总结文献和问题
（3）Discussion 讨论
（4）计算和统计分析的结果
（5）figure或table解释
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2.主动语态 I, we

非实验和表述部分，可以考虑简洁性
It is reported by the authors of this paper that…
We reported that…
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3.同位修饰 apposite

1.说明是什么，但不解释性质
Penicillin, not stable in water, was developed during WWII. X

2.逗号分开
The Hallervorden-Spats syndrome, a neurolofical disorder associated with iron accumulation, has been linked to a decline in cysteine dioxygenase activity.

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4.标点符号 dot

1.常用, . 基本不用 ; ? !

2.逗号后面不可以是不完整句子
Ethanol is used to replace gasoline, and is produced from corn. X
改为:
Ethanol is used to replace gasoline, and it is produced from corn.

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3.标注引用

1.图表标注 figures

1.Figure 1. 或者 Fig.1.
Examples:
(图标下…)
Figure 3. Learning rate schedules: S is similar to the schedule in…
Fig. 4. Accuracy and runtime of FlowNetS depending on the network width…
(文中引用…)
In Fig. 4, the map size has a width of 17 and length of 9 m.
Figure 6 presents a …
Table 10 shows the results of training the agents directly in the 3D…

2.小图标用 A,B 或者 (a), (b)
Examples：
Fig. 2(a) is the 2D generated map of the big apartment using the…
In Fig. 9(b), it is possible that the actual location of…
…in a campus plaza(Fig. 5(a)), and compared the …

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图片引用自：
[1] Berg J , Patil S , Alterovitz R . Motion Planning Under Uncertainty Using Differential Dynamic Programming in Belief Space[J]. Robotics Research, 2017.
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2.论文引用 reference

1.先阅读 Guide for Authors，再决定格式
Examples:
[1] R. Kummerle, M. Ruhnke, B. Steder, C. Stachniss, and W. Burgard, “Autonomous robot navigation in highly populated pedestrian zones,” J. Field Robot., vol. 32, pp. 565–589, 2015.

[2] J. Long, E. Shelhamer, T. Darrell, Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2015, pp. 3431–3440.

[3] M. Savva, A. X. Chang, and P. Hanrahan. SemanticallyEnriched 3D Models for Common-sense Knowledge (Workshop on Functionality, Physics, Intentionality and Causality). In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2015.

[4] L. Bao, Q. Yang, and H. Jin. Fast edge-preserving patchmatch for large displacement optical flow. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2014.

[5] K. Arulkumaran, M. P. Deisenroth, M. Brundage, and A. A. Bharath, “A brief survey of deep reinforcement learning,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.05866, 2017.

2.文中引用
…these algorithms’ performance guarantees (e.g. [2, 5,12,17]), addressing …