1 需求描述
统计某影音视频网站的常规指标，各种TopN指标：
--统计视频观看数Top10
--统计视频类别热度Top10
--统计视频观看数Top20所属类别
--统计视频观看数Top50所关联视频的所属类别Rank
--统计每个类别中的视频热度Top10
--统计每个类别中视频流量Top10
--统计上传视频最多的用户Top10以及他们上传的视频
--统计每个类别视频观看数Top10
1 数据结构
1．视频表
表1 视频表
| 字段 | 备注 | 详细描述 |
| video id | 视频唯一id | 11位字符串 |
| uploader | 视频上传者 | 上传视频的用户名String |
| age | 视频年龄 | 视频在平台上的整数天 |
| category | 视频类别 | 上传视频指定的视频分类 |
| length | 视频长度 | 整形数字标识的视频长度 |
| views | 观看次数 | 视频被浏览的次数 |
| rate | 视频评分 | 满分5分 |
| ratings | 流量 | 视频的流量，整型数字 |
| conments | 评论数 | 一个视频的整数评论数 |
| related ids | 相关视频id | 相关视频的id，最多20个 |
2．用户表
表2 用户表
| 字段 | 备注 | 字段类型 |
| uploader | 上传者用户名 | string |
| videos | 上传视频数 | int |
| friends | 朋友数量 | int |
2 ETL原始数据
通过观察原始数据形式，可以发现，视频可以有多个所属分类，每个所属分类用&符号分割，且分割的两边有空格字符，同时相关视频也是可以有多个元素，多个相关视频又用“\t”进行分割。为了分析数据时方便对存在多个子元素的数据进行操作，我们首先进行数据重组清洗操作。即：将所有的类别用“&”分割，同时去掉两边空格，多个相关视频id也使用“&”进行分割。
1．ETL之ETLUtil
| public class ETLUtil { public static String oriString2ETLString(String ori){ StringBuilder etlString = new StringBuilder(); String[] splits = ori.split("\t"); if(splits.length < 9) return null; splits[3] = splits[3].replace(" ", ""); for(int i = 0; i < splits.length; i++){ if(i < 9){ if(i == splits.length - 1){ etlString.append(splits[i]); }else{ etlString.append(splits[i] + "\t"); } }else{ if(i == splits.length - 1){ etlString.append(splits[i]); }else{ etlString.append(splits[i] + "&"); } } }
return etlString.toString(); } } |
2．ETL之Mapper
| import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import com.demo.util.ETLUtil;
public class VideoETLMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, NullWritable, Text>{ Text text = new Text();
@Override protected void map(Object key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String etlString = ETLUtil.oriString2ETLString(value.toString());
if(StringUtils.isBlank(etlString)) return;
text.set(etlString); context.write(NullWritable.get(), text); } } |
3．ETL之Runner
| import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool; import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
public class VideoETLRunner implements Tool { private Configuration conf = null;
@Override public void setConf(Configuration conf) { this.conf = conf; }
@Override public Configuration getConf() { return this.conf; }
@Override public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { conf = this.getConf(); conf.set("inpath", args[0]); conf.set("outpath", args[1]);
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
job.setJarByClass(VideoETLRunner.class);
job.setMapperClass(VideoETLMapper.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(NullWritable.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class); job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
this.initJobInputPath(job); this.initJobOutputPath(job);
return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1; }
private void initJobOutputPath(Job job) throws IOException { Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration(); String outPathString = conf.get("outpath");
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
Path outPath = new Path(outPathString); if(fs.exists(outPath)){ fs.delete(outPath, true); }
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outPath);
}
private void initJobInputPath(Job job) throws IOException { Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration(); String inPathString = conf.get("inpath");
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
Path inPath = new Path(inPathString); if(fs.exists(inPath)){ FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, inPath); }else{ throw new RuntimeException("HDFS中该文件目录不存在：" + inPathString); } }
public static void main(String[] args) { try { int resultCode = ToolRunner.run(new VideoETLRunner(), args); if(resultCode == 0){ System.out.println("Success!"); }else{ System.out.println("Fail!"); } System.exit(resultCode); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } } } |
4．执行ETL
| $ bin/yarn jar ~/softwares/jars/gulivideo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar \ com.demo.etl.ETLVideosRunner \ /gulivideo/video/2008/0222 \ /gulivideo/output/video/2008/0222 |
3 准备工作
1 创建表
创建表：gulivideo_ori，gulivideo_user_ori，
创建表：gulivideo_orc，gulivideo_user_orc
gulivideo_ori：
| create table gulivideo_ori( videoId string, uploader string, age int, category array<string>, length int, views int, rate float, ratings int, comments int, relatedId array<string>) row format delimited fields terminated by "\t" collection items terminated by "&" stored as textfile; |
gulivideo_user_ori：
| create table gulivideo_user_ori( uploader string, videos int, friends int) row format delimited fields terminated by "\t" stored as textfile; |
然后把原始数据插入到orc表中
gulivideo_orc：
| create table gulivideo_orc( videoId string, uploader string, age int, category array<string>, length int, views int, rate float, ratings int, comments int, relatedId array<string>) clustered by (uploader) into 8 buckets row format delimited fields terminated by "\t" collection items terminated by "&" stored as orc; |
gulivideo_user_orc：
| create table gulivideo_user_orc( uploader string, videos int, friends int) row format delimited fields terminated by "\t" stored as orc; |
2 导入ETL后的数据
gulivideo_ori：
| load data inpath "/gulivideo/output/video/2008/0222" into table gulivideo_ori; |
gulivideo_user_ori：
| load data inpath "/gulivideo/user/2008/0903" into table gulivideo_user_ori; |
3 向ORC表插入数据
gulivideo_orc：
| insert into table gulivideo_orc select * from gulivideo_ori; |
gulivideo_user_orc：
| insert into table gulivideo_user_orc select * from gulivideo_user_ori; |
4 业务分析
4.1 统计视频观看数Top10
思路：使用order by按照views字段做一个全局排序即可，同时我们设置只显示前10条。
最终代码：
| select videoId, uploader, age, category, length, views, rate, ratings, comments from gulivideo_orc order by views desc limit 10; |
4.2 统计视频类别热度Top10
思路：
1) 即统计每个类别有多少个视频，显示出包含视频最多的前10个类别。
2) 我们需要按照类别group by聚合，然后count组内的videoId个数即可。
3) 因为当前表结构为：一个视频对应一个或多个类别。所以如果要group by类别，需要先将类别进行列转行(展开)，然后再进行count即可。
4) 最后按照热度排序，显示前10条。
最终代码：
| select category_name as category, count(t1.videoId) as hot from ( select videoId, category_name from gulivideo_orc lateral view explode(category) t_catetory as category_name) t1 group by t1.category_name order by hot desc limit 10; |
4.3 统计出视频观看数最高的20个视频的所属类别以及类别包含Top20视频的个数
思路：
1) 先找到观看数最高的20个视频所属条目的所有信息，降序排列
2) 把这20条信息中的category分裂出来(列转行)
3) 最后查询视频分类名称和该分类下有多少个Top20的视频
最终代码：
| select category_name as category, count(t2.videoId) as hot_with_views from ( select videoId, category_name from ( select * from gulivideo_orc order by views desc limit 20) t1 lateral view explode(category) t_catetory as category_name) t2 group by category_name order by hot_with_views desc; |
4.4 统计视频观看数Top50所关联视频的所属类别Rank
思路：
- 查询出观看数最多的前50个视频的所有信息(当然包含了每个视频对应的关联视频)，记为临时表t1
t1：观看数前50的视频
| select * from gulivideo_orc order by views desc limit 50; |
- 将找到的50条视频信息的相关视频relatedId列转行，记为临时表t2
t2：将相关视频的id进行列转行操作
| select explode(relatedId) as videoId from t1; |
- 将相关视频的id和gulivideo_orc表进行inner join操作
t5：得到两列数据，一列是category，一列是之前查询出来的相关视频id
| (select distinct(t2.videoId), t3.category from t2 inner join gulivideo_orc t3 on t2.videoId = t3.videoId) t4 lateral view explode(category) t_catetory as category_name; |
4) 按照视频类别进行分组，统计每组视频个数，然后排行
最终代码：
| select category_name as category, count(t5.videoId) as hot from ( select videoId, category_name from ( select distinct(t2.videoId), t3.category from ( select explode(relatedId) as videoId from ( select * from gulivideo_orc order by views desc limit 50) t1) t2 inner join gulivideo_orc t3 on t2.videoId = t3.videoId) t4 lateral view explode(category) t_catetory as category_name) t5 group by category_name order by hot desc; |
4.5 统计每个类别中的视频热度Top10，以Music为例
思路：
1) 要想统计Music类别中的视频热度Top10，需要先找到Music类别，那么就需要将category展开，所以可以创建一张表用于存放categoryId展开的数据。
2) 向category展开的表中插入数据。
3) 统计对应类别（Music）中的视频热度。
最终代码：
创建表类别表：
| create table gulivideo_category( videoId string, uploader string, age int, categoryId string, length int, views int, rate float, ratings int, comments int, relatedId array<string>) row format delimited fields terminated by "\t" collection items terminated by "&" stored as orc; |
向类别表中插入数据：
| insert into table gulivideo_category select videoId, uploader, age, categoryId, length, views, rate, ratings, comments, relatedId from gulivideo_orc lateral view explode(category) catetory as categoryId; |
统计Music类别的Top10（也可以统计其他）
| select videoId, views from gulivideo_category where categoryId = "Music" order by views desc limit 10; |
4.6 统计每个类别中视频流量Top10，以Music为例
思路：
1) 创建视频类别展开表（categoryId列转行后的表）
2) 按照ratings排序即可
最终代码：
| select videoId, views, ratings from gulivideo_category where categoryId = "Music" order by ratings desc limit 10; |
4.7 统计上传视频最多的用户Top10以及他们上传的观看次数在前20的视频
思路：
1) 先找到上传视频最多的10个用户的用户信息
| select * from gulivideo_user_orc order by videos desc limit 10; |
2) 通过uploader字段与gulivideo_orc表进行join，得到的信息按照views观看次数进行排序即可。
最终代码：
| select t2.videoId, t2.views, t2.ratings, t1.videos, t1.friends from ( select * from gulivideo_user_orc order by videos desc limit 10) t1 join gulivideo_orc t2 on t1.uploader = t2.uploader order by views desc limit 20; |
4.8 统计每个类别视频观看数Top10
思路：
1) 先得到categoryId展开的表数据
2) 子查询按照categoryId进行分区，然后分区内排序，并生成递增数字，该递增数字这一列起名为rank列
3) 通过子查询产生的临时表，查询rank值小于等于10的数据行即可。
最终代码：
| select t1.* from ( select videoId, categoryId, views, row_number() over(partition by categoryId order by views desc) rank from gulivideo_category) t1 where rank <= 10; |
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