文章目录
前言
一个本硕双非的小菜鸡,备战24年秋招,计划刷完卡子哥的刷题计划,加油!
推荐一手卡子哥的刷题网站,感谢卡子哥。代码随想录
动态规划五部曲:
- 确定dp数组(dp table)以及下标的含义
- 确定递推公式
- dp数组如何初始化
- 确定遍历顺序
- 举例推导dp数组
一、198. 打家劫舍
198. 打家劫舍
Note:经典的动态规划题
class Solution {
public:
int rob(vector<int>& nums) {
if (nums.size() == 0) return 0;
if (nums.size() == 1) return nums[0];
vector<int> dp(nums.size());
dp[0] = nums[0];
dp[1] = max(nums[0], nums[1]);
for (int i = 2; i < nums.size(); i++) {
dp[i] = max(dp[i - 2] + nums[i], dp[i - 1]);
}
return dp[nums.size() - 1];
}
};
二、213. 打家劫舍 II
Note:经典的动态规划题,打家劫舍的变种
class Solution {
public:
int rob(vector<int>& nums) {
if (nums.size() == 0) return 0;
if (nums.size() == 1) return nums[0];
int result1 = robRange(nums, 0, nums.size() - 2);
int result2 = robRange(nums, 1, nums.size() - 1);
return max(result1, result2);
}
int robRange(vector<int>& nums, int start, int end) {
if (start == end) return nums[start];
vector<int> dp(nums.size());
dp[start] = nums[start];
dp[start + 1] = max(nums[start], nums[start + 1]);
for (int i = start + 2; i <= end; i++) {
dp[i] = max(dp[i - 2] + nums[i], dp[i - 1]);
}
return dp[end];
}
};
三、509. 斐波那契数
Note:正式开刷动态规划第一题,尝试理解动态规划五部曲
class Solution {
public:
int fib(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return n;
vector<int> dp(n + 1);
dp[0] = 0;
dp[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];
return dp[n];
}
};
四、70. 爬楼梯
Note:这题才是真正让我了解一点动规与其他题不一样的思想
class Solution {
public:
int climbStairs(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return n;
vector<int> dp(n + 1);
dp[1] = 1;
dp[2] = 2;
for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++)
dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp [i - 2];
return dp[n];
}
};
五、746. 使用最小花费爬楼梯
Note:又能带上点贪心的意思,还需要细细体会
class Solution {
public:
int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
vector<int> dp(cost.size() + 1);
dp[0] = 0;
dp[1] = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= cost.size(); i++)
dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1] + cost[i - 1], dp[i - 2] + cost[i - 2]);
return dp[cost.size()];
}
};
六、62. 不同路径
Note:这题是第一道独立做出来的,很好!
class Solution {
public:
int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
vector<vector<int>> dp(m, vector<int>(n, 0));
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) dp[i][0] = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) dp[0][j] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1];
}
}
return dp[m - 1][n - 1];
}
};
七、63. 不同路径 II
Note:将有障碍物的地方当成0并不计算
class Solution {
public:
int uniquePathsWithObstacles(vector<vector<int>>& obstacleGrid) {
int m = obstacleGrid.size();
int n = obstacleGrid[0].size();
if (obstacleGrid[m - 1][n - 1] == 1 || obstacleGrid[0][0] == 1) return 0;
vector<vector<int>> dp (m, vector<int>(n, 0));
for (int i = 0; i < m && obstacleGrid[i][0] == 0; i++) dp[i][0] = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < n && obstacleGrid[0][j] == 0; j++) dp[0][j] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
if (obstacleGrid[i][j] == 1) continue;
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1];
}
}
return dp[m - 1][n - 1];
}
};
八、343. 整数拆分
Note:有点难考虑
递推公式:dp[i] = max(dp[i], max((i - j) * j, dp[i - j] * j));
可以这么理解,j * (i - j) 是单纯的把整数拆分为两个数相乘,而j * dp[i - j]是拆分成两个以及两个以上的个数相乘。
class Solution {
public:
int integerBreak(int n) {
vector<int> dp(n + 1);
dp[2] = 1;
for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i / 2; j++) {
dp[i] = max(dp[i], max((i - j) * j, dp[i - j] * j));
}
}
return dp[n];
}
};
九、96. 不同的二叉搜索树
Note:开始了,看得出来规律但是递推公式写不上来
class Solution {
public:
int numTrees(int n) {
vector<int> dp(n + 1);
dp[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
dp[i] += dp[j - 1] * dp[i - j];
}
}
return dp[n];
}
};
十、01背包理论基础
此题不是力扣上的,可以去卡码网
01背包理论基础
Note:大名鼎鼎的背包问题
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int n, bagweight;
void solve() {
vector<int> weight(n, 0);
vector<int> value(n, 0);
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cin >> weight[i];
}
for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
cin >> value[j];
}
vector<vector<int>> dp(weight.size(), vector<int>(bagweight + 1, 0));
for (int j = weight[0]; j <= bagweight; j++) {
dp[0][j] = value[0];
}
for(int i = 1; i < weight.size(); i++) {
for(int j = 0; j <= bagweight; j++) {
if (j < weight[i]) dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j];
else dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - weight[i]] + value[i]);
}
}
cout << dp[weight.size() - 1][bagweight] << endl;
}
int main() {
while(cin >> n >> bagweight) {
solve();
}
return 0;
}
总结
动态规划第一章,题既多又难,算法类的大拿。
记住动规五部曲,多画画图手推一下。