【GStreamer 】oggdemux

oggdemux 是 GStreamer 多媒体框架中的一个元素，它的作用是解复用（demuxing）Ogg 容器格式的媒体流。Ogg 容器可以包含多种不同类型的流，如音频、视频或字幕等，而 oggdemux 的任务就是将这些流分离出来，使得它们可以被后续的处理元素（如解码器）进一步处理。

在 GStreamer 中，每个媒体流都通过一个称为 “pad” 的接口进行传输。当 oggdemux 检测到一个新的流时，它会创建一个新的 pad 来处理这个流。如果流是音频，oggdemux 会发出一个 pad-added 信号，通知应用程序或脚本有一个新的音频流可用。

#include <gst/gst.h>
#include <glib.h>
static gboolean
bus_call (GstBus     *bus,
          GstMessage *msg,
          gpointer    data)
{
  GMainLoop *loop = (GMainLoop *) data;

  switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (msg)) {

    case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
      g_print ("End of stream\n");
      g_main_loop_quit (loop);
      break;
    case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR: {
      gchar  *debug;
      GError *error;
      gst_message_parse_error (msg, &error, &debug);
      g_free (debug);
      g_printerr ("Error: %s\n", error->message);
      g_error_free (error);
      g_main_loop_quit (loop);
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
  }
  return TRUE;
}
static void
on_pad_added (GstElement *element,
              GstPad     *pad,
              gpointer    data)
{
  GstPad *sinkpad;
  GstElement *decoder = (GstElement *) data;
  /* We can now link this pad with the vorbis-decoder sink pad */
  g_print ("Dynamic pad created, linking demuxer/decoder\n");
  sinkpad = gst_element_get_static_pad (decoder, "sink");
  gst_pad_link (pad, sinkpad);
  gst_object_unref (sinkpad);
}
int
main (int   argc,
      char *argv[])
{
  GMainLoop *loop;
  GstElement *pipeline, *source, *demuxer, *decoder, *conv, *sink;
  GstBus *bus;
  guint bus_watch_id;
  /* Initialisation */
  gst_init (&argc, &argv);
  loop = g_main_loop_new (NULL, FALSE);
  /* Check input arguments */
  if (argc != 2) {
    g_printerr ("Usage: %s <Ogg/Vorbis filename>\n", argv[0]);
    return -1;
  }
  /* Create gstreamer elements */
  pipeline = gst_pipeline_new ("audio-player");
  source   = gst_element_factory_make ("filesrc",       "file-source");
  demuxer  = gst_element_factory_make ("oggdemux",      "ogg-demuxer");
  decoder  = gst_element_factory_make ("vorbisdec",     "vorbis-decoder");
  conv     = gst_element_factory_make ("audioconvert",  "converter");
  sink     = gst_element_factory_make ("autoaudiosink", "audio-output");

  if (!pipeline || !source || !demuxer || !decoder || !conv || !sink) {
    g_printerr ("One element could not be created. Exiting.\n");
    return -1;
  }
  /* Set up the pipeline */
  /* we set the input filename to the source element */
  g_object_set (G_OBJECT (source), "location", argv[1], NULL);
  /* we add a message handler */
  bus = gst_pipeline_get_bus (GST_PIPELINE (pipeline));
  bus_watch_id = gst_bus_add_watch (bus, bus_call, loop);
  gst_object_unref (bus);
  /* we add all elements into the pipeline */
  /* file-source | ogg-demuxer | vorbis-decoder | converter | alsa-output */
  gst_bin_add_many (GST_BIN (pipeline),
                    source, demuxer, decoder, conv, sink, NULL);
  /* we link the elements together */
  /* file-source -> ogg-demuxer ~> vorbis-decoder -> converter -> alsa-output */
  gst_element_link (source, demuxer);
  gst_element_link_many (decoder, conv, sink, NULL);
  g_signal_connect (demuxer, "pad-added", G_CALLBACK (on_pad_added), decoder);
  /* note that the demuxer will be linked to the decoder dynamically.
     The reason is that Ogg may contain various streams (for example
     audio and video). The source pad(s) will be created at run time,
     by the demuxer when it detects the amount and nature of streams.
     Therefore we connect a callback function which will be executed
     when the "pad-added" is emitted.*/
  /* Set the pipeline to "playing" state*/
  g_print ("Now playing: %s\n", argv[1]);
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
  /* Iterate */
  g_print ("Running...\n");
  g_main_loop_run (loop);
  /* Out of the main loop, clean up nicely */
  g_print ("Returned, stopping playback\n");
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
  g_print ("Deleting pipeline\n");
  gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (pipeline));
  g_source_remove (bus_watch_id);
  g_main_loop_unref (loop);
  return 0;
}

在提供的代码示例中，oggdemux 与 vorbisdec（Vorbis 音频解码器）之间的链接是在运行时动态建立的。这是通过监听 oggdemux 的 pad-added 信号并在信号处理函数 on_pad_added 中链接 pad 来实现的。这样，无论 oggdemux 发现多少个音频流，程序都能自动处理它们。

简而言之，oggdemux 是 GStreamer 处理 Ogg 容器中媒体流的关键组件，它使得音频和视频流可以被分离和进一步处理。