RGB图像的数据统计

数据压缩第三次作业

读入一个24bitRGB文件（以down.rgb为例，其分辨率为256*256），输出该数据文件中R、G、B三个分量（各8bit表示）的概率分布示意图和熵。

思路及实现过程

1.打开要读出的RGB文件，打开3个要输出的数据统计文件-fopen

2.创建内存空间-buffer malloc

3.将RGB数据从RGB文件中读出，并分别保存到3个数组中-fread

4.对数据进行处理-Count
（包括计算概率分布和熵，并将相应数据写入txt）

5.输出香农熵-printf

6.释放内存空间-free malloc

7.关闭文件-fclose

全部代码

#include <stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<malloc.h>

#include<math.h>

constexpr auto width = 256;

constexpr auto height = 256;

 

//函数调用：实现RGB图像数据统计，频率计算，求熵

void Count(unsigned char * Buff, double
*freq,FILE* sat,double *H)

{

   
int num[256] = { 0 };

   
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

    {

       
for (int j = 0; j < width * height; j++)

       
{

           
if (i == Buff[j])

           
{

                num[i]++;

           
}

       
}

    }

   
fprintf(sat, "symbol\tfreq\n");

   
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

    {

       
freq[i] = double(num[i]) / (width * height);

       
fprintf(sat, "%d\t%f\n", i, freq[i]);

       
if (freq[i] != 0)

       
{

           
*H = *H - freq[i] * log(freq[i]) / log(2);

       
}

    }

 

}

 

 

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

   
FILE* rgbFile=NULL;

   
FILE* Bsat=NULL;

   
FILE* Gsat=NULL;

   
FILE* Rsat=NULL;

 

   //打开rgb图像并创建txt

   
errno_t err;

   
err = fopen_s(&rgbFile,argv[1], "rb");

   
if (err == 0) 

    {

       
printf("打开文件成功！\n");

    }

   
else printf("打开文件失败！\n");

 

   
err = fopen_s(&Rsat, "R_sat.txt", "w");

   
if (err == 0)

    {

       
printf("打开R_sat.txt成功！\n");

    }

   
else printf("打开R_sat.txt失败！\n");

 

   
err = fopen_s(&Gsat, "G_sat.txt", "w");

   
if (err == 0)

    {

       
printf("打开G_sat.txt成功！\n");

    }

   
else printf("打开G_sat.txt失败！\n");

 

   
err = fopen_s(&Bsat, "B_sat.txt", "w");

   
if (err == 0) 

    {

       
printf("打开B_sat.txt成功！\n");

    }

   
else printf("打开B_sat.txt失败！\n");

    

   
//分配动态内存

   
unsigned char* buffer = NULL;

   
unsigned char* rBuff = NULL;

   
unsigned char* gBuff = NULL;

   
unsigned char* bBuff = NULL;

   
buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height *
3);

   
rBuff = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height );

   
gBuff = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height );

   
bBuff = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height );

    

   
fread(buffer, sizeof(unsigned char), 3 * width * height, rgbFile);

 

   
//分成RGB三通道存储数据

   
int nr = 0;

   
int ng = 0;

   
int nb = 0;

   
for (int i = 0; i < 3 * width * height; i++)

    {

       
if (i % 3 == 0)

       
{

           
bBuff[nb] = *(buffer + i);

           
nb++;

       
}

       
else if (i % 3 == 1)

       
{

           
gBuff[ng] = *(buffer + i);

           
ng++;

       
}

       
else if (i % 3 == 2)

       
{

           
rBuff[nr] = *(buffer + i);

           
nr++;

       
}

    }

   

   
//计算频率和熵，同时将频率表存入相应txt文档

   
double freqR[256] = { 0 };

   
double freqG[256] = { 0 };

   
double freqB[256] = { 0 };

   
double HR = 0;

   
double HG = 0;

   
double HB = 0;

   
Count(rBuff, freqR,Rsat,&HR);

   
Count(gBuff, freqG,Gsat,&HG);

   
Count(bBuff, freqB,Bsat,&HB);

 

   
//输出香农熵

   
printf("H(R)=%f\n", HR);

   
printf("H(G)=%f\n", HG);

   
printf("H(B)=%f\n", HB);

 

   
free(buffer);

   
free(rBuff);

   
free(gBuff);

   
free(bBuff);

 

   
fclose(rgbFile);

   
fclose(Bsat);

   
fclose(Gsat);

   
fclose(Rsat);

 

   
return 0;

}

实验结果

1. txt文本
2. 香农熵
3. Excel图表