rpm
rpm -qa | grep ^$:q(query查询),a(all),“|”管道符用于分隔两个以上指令,左指令的输出作为右指令的输出,grep(global search regular expression(RE) and print out the line,全面搜索正则表达式并把行打印出来),^开始$结束
rpm -ivh:i(install),v(verbose啰嗦的)显示详细信息,h(hash#号)#号标示安装进程
fdisk
命令所在路径:/sbin/fdisk
执行权限:root
功能描述:磁盘分区相关操作,最多支持15个分区
语法:fdisk [option] [DEVICE]
常用选项:
-l:查看当前磁盘分区的详细情况
范例:
[root@Centos ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盘的分区情况,不带参数显示的是当前主机上所有的磁盘分区情况
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes #当前主机只有一块磁盘,容量107.4GB
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders #此处显示该硬盘的具体参数:共255个磁头,每个磁道63个扇区,共13054个柱面
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #此处显示扇区大小,每个扇区512个字节
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #I/O大小,说明读写一个数据最小需要512字节
Disk identifier: 0x00097863
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux #第一个分区,按柱面划分,从第一个柱面开始,到26个柱面结束
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. #此处的警告说明该分区没有包含整个柱面(一个柱面一定要属于一个分区,否则就会给出警告)
/dev/sda2 26 91 524288 82 Linux swap / Solaris #第二个分区,分区类型为“交换分区”
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 91 13055 104127488 83 Linux #第三个分区,分区类型为Linux分区
fdisk是交互式命令,其下有许多子命令,说明如下:
[root@Centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sda #fdisk的参数是设备名称而非分区名
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m #交互式命令,提示键入“m”以获取帮助
Command action #可以看到,fdisk有如下这么多的子命令
a toggle a bootable flag #设定可启动标记
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition #删除一个分区
l list known partition types #各分区类型所对应的System ID
m print this menu
n add a new partition #新建一个分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table #显示当前的分区信息
q quit without saving changes #不保存退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id #修改指定分区的System ID
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit #保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
我们重点来看下“l”子命令,用于列出Linux支持的分区所对应的System ID:
[root@Centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1