5. ARM时钟系统

时钟是同步工作系统的同步信号，SOC内部有很多控制器，例如CPU，串口等外设，这些外设需要协同工作，互相通信，就需要同步的时钟系统来指挥。这个就是Soc的时钟系统。

时钟设置编码实现

查手册和系统时钟图算出各位置应该配置的值：



APLL P:3 M:100 S:1

MPLL P:12 M:667 S:1

计算分频器每部分应该设置的值

之前的各时钟是由uboot程序设置好的，现在我们在跳转到C语言的main函数之前自己重新设置相应的时钟。
start.s：

.global _start
_start:
		b reset
		b undef
		b swi
		b abt_pre
		b abt_dat
		b reserved
		b irq
		b fiq
reset:
		@重新映射异常向量表到0x40008000 
		ldr r0, =0x40008000 
		mcr p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 0
		@打开中断的总开关
		mrs r0, cpsr
		bic r0, r0, #(0x1 << 7)
		msr cpsr, r0 
		bl clock_init
		bl main
		
undef:
swi:
abt_pre:
abt_dat:
reserved:
irq:
		ldr sp, =0x420000000   @初始化栈指针
		stmfd sp!, {r0-r12,lr}
		bl irq_handler         @跳到中断函数
		ldmfd sp!, {r0-r12,lr}
		subs pc, lr, #4
fiq:

clock.s：

.global clock_init
clock_init:
			@先关闭所有PLL
			@CLK_SRC0
			ldr r0, =0xE0100200
			ldr r1, =0x0
			str r1, [r0]
			
			@设置PLL
			@APLL_LOCK
			ldr r0, =0xE0100000
			ldr r1, =30*24
			str r1, [r0]
			@MPLL_LOCK
			ldr r0, =0xE0100008
			ldr r1, =200*24
			str r1, [r0]
			@EPLL_LOCK
			ldr r0, =0xE0100010
			ldr r1, =375*24
			str r1, [r0]
			@VPLL_LOCK
			ldr r0, =0xE0100020
			ldr r1, =100*24
			str r1, [r0]
			
			@设置倍频因子
			@APLL_CON0
			ldr r0, =0xE0100100
			ldr r1, =(1<<31)|(125<<16)|(3<<8)|(1<<0)
			str r1, [r0]
			
			@MPLL_CON
			ldr r0, =0xE0100108
			ldr r1, =(1<<31)|(667<<16)|(12<<8)|(1<<0)
			str r1, [r0]
			
			@配置分频器
			@CLK_DIV0
			ldr r0, =0xE0100300
			ldr r1, =(1<<28)|(4<<20)|(1<<20)|(3<<16)|(1<<12)|(4<<8)|(4<<4)|0
			str r1, [r0]
			
			@选择使用PLL
			@CLK_SRC0
			ldr r0, =0xE0100200
			ldr r1, =0x1111
			str r1, [r0]
delay:
			mov r0, 0x100000
d:
			subs r0, r0, #1
			bne d
			
			mov pc, lr

main.c

#define WTCON   (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE2700000))
#define WTDAT   (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE2700004))
#define WTCNT 	(*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE2700008))
#define WTCLRINT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE270000C))
void key1_handler(void)
{
	int (*printf)(char *format,...)=(void *)0x3ff13e54;
	printf("hello wdt..\n");
	//清理GPIO里面的中断记录
	WTCLRINT  = 1;//清理中断

}

void wdt_init()
{
	WTCON = (65<<8)|(0x1<<5)|(0x1<<3)|(0x1<<2)|0;
	//t=（32*（65+1））/ 66M = 32us
	WTCNT = 1000*1000/32;//1s
	WTDAT = 1000*1000/32; //首次喂狗
}
int main()
{
	//初始化看门狗
	wdt_init();
	//初始化中断控制器
	request_irq(27,wdt_handler);//看门狗是27号中断
	while(1)
	{
		;
	}
	return 0;
}

irq.c：

#define VICOINTSELECT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF200000C)
#define VIC1INTSELECT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF210000C)
#define VIC2INTSELECT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF220000C)
#define VIC3INTSELECT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF230000C)

#define VIC0VECTADDR (volatile unsigned int *)0xF2000100
#define VIC1VECTADDR (volatile unsigned int *)0xF2100100
#define VIC2VECTADDR (volatile unsigned int *)0xF2200100
#define VIC3VECTADDR (volatile unsigned int *)0xF2300100

#define VIC0INTENABLE (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2000010)
#define VIC1INTENABLE (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2100010)
#define VIC2INTENABLE (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2200010)
#define VIC3INTENABLE (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2300010)

#define VIC0ADDRESS (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2000F00)
#define VIC1ADDRESS (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2100F00)
#define VIC2ADDRESS (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2200F00)
#define VIC3ADDRESS (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xF2300F00)

//中断控制器初始化函数
int request_irq(int irq, void(*handler)())
{
	if(irq>=0 && irq <= 31)
	{
		VICOINTSELECT = 0;//初始化中断控制器
		VIC0VECTADDR[irq] = (unsigned int)handler; //注册中断函数
		VIC0INTENABLE |= 0x1<<irq; //开启中断
	}
	else if(irq>=32 && irq<=63)
	{
		irq-=32;
		VIC1INTSELECT = 0;
		VIC1VECTADDR[irq] = (unsigned int)handler;
		VIC1INTENABLE |= 0x1<<irq; //开启中断
	}
	else if(irq>=64 && irq <=95)
	{
		irq-=64;
		VIC2INTSELECT = 0;
		VIC2VECTADDR[irq] = (unsigned int)handler;
		VIC2INTENABLE |= 0x1<<irq; //开启中断
	}
	else if(irq>=96 && irq <=128)
	{
		irq-=96;
		VIC3INTSELECT = 0;
		VIC3VECTADDR[irq] = (unsigned int)handler;
		VIC3INTENABLE |= 0x1<<irq; //开启中断
	}

}

//中断处理函数
void irq_handler()
{
	void(*handler)();
	
	//判断是那个中断发生
	if(VIC0ADDRESS !=0 )
		handler=(void *)VIC0ADDRESS;
	else if(VIC1ADDRESS !=0)
		handler=(void *)VIC1ADDRESS;
	else if(VIC2ADDRESS !=0)
		handler=(void *)VIC2ADDRESS;
	else if(VIC3ADDRESS !=0)
		handler=(void *)VIC3ADDRESS;
		
	//执行绑定的中断处理函数
	handler();
	
	//清理中断控制器
	VIC0ADDRESS=0;
	VIC1ADDRESS=0;
	VIC2ADDRESS=0;
	VIC3ADDRESS=0;
}

编译和测试

因为串口用的是PCLK,如果按手册设置正确，则打印正常。

修改clock.s：

ldr r1, =(0<<28)|(4<<20)|(1<<20)|(3<<16)|(1<<12)|(4<<8)|(4<<4)|0

再次编译运行：

因为时钟变快了，则看门狗触发中断速度变快，而串口波特率也变了，所以是乱码。