Socket编程

sockaddr地址结构

struct sockaddr_in addr;
bind(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,size);

初始化

add.sin_family = AF_INET/AF_INET6;
addr.sin_port = htons/ntohs(xxxx);
int dst;
inet_pton(AF_INET,"192.157.22.45",(void *)&dst);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = dst;
[*]addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//从系统中取出有效的任意ip地址，二进制类型。

网络套接字函数

int socket(int domain,int type,int protocol);
创建一个套接字

int bind(int sockfd,const strucrt sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);

int listen(int sockfd,int backlog);

重要

int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
此函数的addr不需要初始化，返回一个全新的文件描述符。

int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
                   socklen_t addrlen);
在客户端使用，调用前需要用socket函数创建一个套接字

C/S

S
1.socket() 建立套接字
2.bind()绑定ip和端口号
3.listen()指定同时最大连接发起数
4.accept()阻塞等待客户端发起连接
5.read()
6.小——大
7.write()给客户端
8.close()
C
1.socket()
2.bind() //可要可不要，依赖隐式绑定
3.connect() 发起连接
4.write()
5.read()
6.close()

服务器

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define SERV_PORT 6666//定义的端口号
#define SERV_IP "192.168.56.128"

int main()
{
	int i;

	int lfd;

	lfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);//建立套接字

	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);//将本地字节序转换成网络字节序
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

	bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));

	listen(lfd,32);

	int cfd;
	struct sockaddr_in clie_addr;
	socklen_t cile_addr_len;
	cile_addr_len = sizeof(clie_addr);//作为传入参数要有大小
	cfd = accept(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr,&cile_addr_len);//第三个参数为传入传出参数

	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	int n;
	while(1){
	  n = read(cfd,buf,sizeof(buf));
	  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
 		buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
	  }
	  write(cfd,buf,n);
	}
	close(cfd);
	close(lfd);
	return 0;
}

客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#define SERV_PORT 6666
#define SERV_IP "192.168.56.128"

int main()
{
	int cfd;
	cfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
	inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP,&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);

	connect(cfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));

	int n;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	while(1){
		fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
		write(cfd,buf,strlen(buf));
		n = read(cfd,buf,sizeof(buf));
		write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
	}
	return 0;
}

上述代码均没有检查错误返回，是因为想表达逻辑清楚一点，在实际应用时务必检查错误返回。

wrap.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

void perr_exit(const char *s)
{
	perror(s);
	exit(-1);
}

int Accept(int fd,struct sockaddr *sa,socklen_t *salenptr)
{
	int n;
again:
	if((n = accept(fd,sa,salenptr)) < 0){
	   if((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))//慢速系统调用，如被信号打断，重启
		 goto again;
	   else 
	     perr_exit("accept error");
	}
	return n;
}

int Bind(int fd,const struct sockaddr *sa,socklen_t salen)
{
	int n;

	if((n == bind(fd,sa,salen)) < 0)
		perr_exit("bind error");

	return n;
}

int Connect(int fd,const struct sockaddr *sa,socklen_t salen)
{
	int n;

	n = connect(fd,sa,salen);

	if(n < 0){
		perr_exit("connect error");
	}

	return n;
}

int Listen(int fd,int backlog)
{
	int n;

	if((n = listen(fd,backlog)) < 0)
		perr_exit("listen error");

	return n;
}

int Socket(int family,int type,int protocol)
{
	int n;

	if((n = socket(famliy,type,protocol)) < 0)
		perr_exit("socket error");
}

ssize_t Read(int fd,void *ptr,size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;

again:
	if((n = read(fd,ptr,nbytes)) == -1){
		if(errno == EINTR)
		  goto again;
		else 
		  return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

ssize_t Write(int fd,const void *ptr,size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t b;

again:
	if((n = write(fd,ptr,nbytes)) == -1){
		if(errno == EINTR)
		  goto again;
		else 
		  return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

int Close(int fd)
{
	int n;

	if(close(fd) == -1)
		perr_exit("closr error");

	return n;
}

ssize_t Readn(int fd,void *vptr,size_t n)//读取想要读的个数那么多的字节数
{
	//参３：应该读取的字节数
	size_t nleft;  //剩余未读取的字节数
	ssize_t nread; // 实际读到的字节数
	char *ptr;

	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;

	while(nleft > 0){
	  if((nread = read(fd,ptr,nleft)) < 0){
		if(errno == EINTR)
		   nread = 0;
		else
		   return -1;	
	  }else if(nread == 0)
		break;

	  nleft -= nread;
	  ptr += nread;
	}
	return n - nleft;
}

ssize_t Writen(int fd,void *vptr,size_t n)
{
	size_t nleft;
	ssize_t nwrite;
	const char *ptr;

	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;

	while(nleft > 0){
		if(write(fd,ptr,nleft) <= 0){
		  if(nwrite < 0 && errno == EINTR)
			 nwrite = 0;
		  else 
			 return -1;
		}
		nleft -= nwrite;
		ptr += nwrite;
	}
	return n;
}

static ssize_t my_read(int fd,char *ptr)
{
	static int read_cnt;
	static char *read_ptr;
	static char read_buf[100];

	if(read_cnt <= 0){
again:
		if((read_cnt = read(fd,read_buf,sizeof(read_buf))) < 0){
		  if(errno == EINTR)
			  goto again;
		  return -1;
		}else if(read_cnt == 0)
		  return 0;

		read_ptr = read_buf;
	}
	read_cnt--;
	*ptr = *read_ptr++;
	
	return 1;
}//读取100个字符,每次只传出一个字符交给Readline接收

ssize_t Readline(int fd,void *vptr,size_t maxlen)
{
	ssize_t n,rc;
	char c,*ptr;
	ptr = vptr;

	for(n = 1; n < maxlen; n++){
	   if((rc = my_read(fd,&c)) == 1){
		 *ptr++ = c;
   		 if(c == '\n')
		   break;		 
	   }else if(rc == 0){
	   	 *ptr = 0;
	 	 return n-1;	 
	   }else 
		 return -1;
	}
	*ptr = 0;
	return n;
}

多进程并发服务器

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include "wrap.h"
  
#define SERV_PORT 9527
#define SERV_IP "192.168.56.128"
  
int main()
{
    int lfd,cfd; // 建立一个服务器套接字和客户端套接字
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,clie_addr;
    int i,n;
    pid_t pid;
 	socklen_t clie_addr_len;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];

    lfd = Socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);//初始化
 
    bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    //No.2  inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP,&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
  
    Bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
  
    Listen(lfd,128);
  
    while(1){
        clie_addr_len = sizeof(clie_addr_len);
        cfd = Accept(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr,&clie_addr_len);
		pid = fork();
		if(fork < 0){
			perror("foek error");
			exit(-1);
		}else if(pid == 0){
			close(lfd);
			break;
		}else {
			close(cfd);

		}
    }

	while(1){
		if(pid == 0){
		   n = Read(cfd,buf,sizeof(buf));
		   if(n == 0){
		     close(cfd);
			 return 0;
		   }else if(n < 0){
		     perror("read error");
		     exit(0);	 
		   }else {
			 for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
				buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
		     write(cfd,buf,n);
		   }
		}
	}
    return 0;
 }

多线程实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#include "wrap.h"

#define SERV_PORT 9527
#define SERV_IP "192.168.56.128"

struct s_info{
	int cfd;
	struct sockaddr_in clie_addr;
};

void *do_work(void *argv)
{
	int n,i;
	struct s_info *ts = (struct s_info*)argv;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	char str[BUFSIZ];
	while(1){
		n = Read(ts->cfd,buf,sizeof(buf));
		if(n == 0){
			break;
		}
		printf("ip:%s\n",inet_ntop(AF_INET,&(*ts).clie_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,str,sizeof(str)));

		for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
			buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
		}

		Write(ts->cfd,buf,n);
	}

	close(ts -> cfd);
	return NULL; 
}

int main()
{
	int lfd,cfd;
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,clie_addr;
	socklen_t clie_len;
	int i = 0;
	struct s_info ts[256];
	pthread_t tid;

	lfd = Socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_port = ntohs(SERV_PORT);
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	//inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP,&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
	
	Bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));

	Listen(lfd,128);

	while(1)
	{
		clie_len = sizeof(clie_len);
		cfd = Accept(lfd,(struct sockaddr*)&clie_addr,&clie_len);
		ts[i].clie_addr = clie_addr;
		ts[i].cfd = cfd;

		pthread_create(&tid,NULL,do_work,(void *)&ts[i]);
		pthread_detach(tid);//设置线程分离
		i++;
	}

	return 0;
}