【英语阅读】纽约时报 | “杀死我们的将是饥饿,而不是新冠病毒”

新冠病毒大流行导致全球数百万人面临饥饿。封锁措施使得工作和收入中断,农业生产和供应路线受阻,贫困家庭尤其受影响。联合国警告,原本已有1.35亿人面临严重食物短缺,今年可能新增1.3亿。全球预计将有2.65亿人挨饿。尽管全球粮食充足,但物流问题将使贫穷国家在未来几个月面临困境,特别是依赖粮食进口的国家。饥饿危机已在各地引发抗议和骚乱,尤其是在那些经济脆弱的国家。社区和个人正通过众筹等方式自救,但面对日益增长的需求,这些努力显得杯水车薪。
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‘Instead of Coronavirus, the Hunger Will Kill Us.’ A Global Food Crisis Looms.
“杀死我们的将是饥饿,而不是新冠病毒”

  • Instead adv.代替;反而
  • Crisis n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻 adj.危机的;用于处理危机的.
  • Looms n.织布机 v.隐现;用织机织

NAIROBI, Kenya — In the largest slum in Kenya’s capital, people desperate to eat set off a stampede during a recent giveaway of flour and cooking oil, leaving scores injured and two people dead.
肯尼亚内罗毕——在肯尼亚首都最大的贫民窟,饥饿的人们在最近一次免费面粉和食用油发放过程中发生了踩踏,数十人受伤,两人死亡。

  • slum n.贫民窟;脏乱的地方 v.去贫民窟;将就适应,过穷日子
  • desperate adj.不顾一切的;令人绝望的;极度渴望的
  • stampede n.惊跑;人群的蜂拥;军队溃败 v.使…惊逃;抢占
  • giveaway n.泄露;免费样品;不正当交易;有奖问答节目 adj.泄露真相的;赠送的;极便宜的
  • flour n.面粉;粉状物质 vt.洒粉于;把…磨成粉

In India, thousands of workers are lining up twice a day for bread and fried vegetables to keep hunger at bay.
在印度,成千上万的工人每天两次排队等待面包和油炸蔬菜以充饥。

  • lining up 排队
  • fried adj.油炸的,油煎的;喝醉了的 v.油炸
  • keep hunger at bay 抑制饥饿

And across Colombia, poor households are hanging red clothing and flags from their windows and balconies as a sign that they are hungry.
在哥伦比亚各地,贫穷的家庭在窗户和阳台上悬挂着红色的衣服和旗子,这是表示他们吃不上饭。

  • households 家庭;拆迁户
  • balconies n.阳台;露台

“We don’t have any money, and now we need to survive,” said Pauline Karushi, who lost her job at a jewelry business in Nairobi and lives in two rooms with her child and four other relatives. “That means not eating much.”
“我们没有钱,现在我们需要生存,”失去了在内罗毕一家珠宝店的工作的宝琳·卡鲁西(Pauline Karushi)与孩子和另外四个亲戚住在一起。“这意味着吃不到什么东西。”

The coronavirus pandemic has brought hunger to millions of people around the world. National lockdowns and social distancing measures are drying up work and incomes, and are likely to disrupt agricultural production and supply routes — leaving millions to worry how they will get enough to eat.
冠状病毒大流行已经使世界各地数百万人受困于饥饿。全国封锁和保持社交距离的措施正在导致工作和收入中断,并可能破坏农业生产和供应路线,使数百万人担心他们将如何获得足够的食物。

  • drying up 使…干涸;枯竭
  • agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的

The coronavirus has sometimes been called an equalizer because it has sickened both rich and poor, but when it comes to food, the commonality ends. It is poor people, including large segments of poorer nations, who are now going hungry and facing the prospect of starving.
有人称新冠病毒是个“等化器”,因为富人和穷人都会患病,但是当涉及食物时,这种一视同仁就不再存在了。穷人——包括贫穷国家的大部分人——正在挨饿,并且面临着饿死的可能。

  • equalizer n.均衡器;平衡装置
  • commonality n.公共;平民
  • segments n.片段 v.把…分割成段;细胞分裂
  • prospect n.前途;预期;景色 v.勘探;找矿
  • starving adj.饥饿的;挨饿的 v.挨饿;使饿死

“The coronavirus has been anything but a great equalizer,” said Asha Jaffar, a volunteer who brought food to families in the Nairobi slum of Kibera after the fatal stampede. “It’s been the great revealer, pulling the curtain back on the class divide and exposing how deeply unequal this country is.”
“新冠病毒根本不是什么伟大的等化器,”在致命的踩踏事件发生后向内罗毕的基贝拉贫民窟家庭运送食物的志愿者阿莎·贾法尔(Asha Jaffar)说。“它是一个重大的启示&#x

非常抱歉,您说得对。下面是将会死锁的哲学家用餐问题算法改进为“无法获得任何一根筷子的锁就立即释放已有的锁并从头开始尝试获取,直到尝试成功”的伪代码: ``` #define N 5 // 哲学家数目 #define LEFT (i + N - 1) % N // 左邻居编号 #define RIGHT (i + 1) % N // 右邻居编号 #define THINKING 0 // 哲学家思考状态 #define HUNGRY 1 // 哲学家饥饿状态 #define EATING 2 // 哲学家就餐状态 int state[N]; // 哲学家状态数组 pthread_mutex_t mutex; // 全局互斥锁 pthread_mutex_t s[N]; // 筷子锁数组 // 哲学家尝试获取筷子 void take_forks(int i) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); state[i] = HUNGRY; test(i); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); pthread_mutex_lock(&s[i]); } // 哲学家释放筷子 void put_forks(int i) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); state[i] = THINKING; test(LEFT); test(RIGHT); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); } // 测试哲学家是否可以就餐 void test(int i) { if (state[i] == HUNGRY && state[LEFT] != EATING && state[RIGHT] != EATING) { state[i] = EATING; pthread_mutex_unlock(&s[i]); } else { pthread_mutex_unlock(&s[i]); // 无法获得任何一根筷子的锁就立即释放已有的锁并从头开始尝试获取,直到尝试成功 usleep(100); take_forks(i); } } // 哲学家线程 void *philosopher(void *arg) { int i = *(int *)arg; while (1) { think(); // 哲学家思考 take_forks(i); // 哲学家尝试获取筷子 eat(); // 哲学家就餐 put_forks(i); // 哲学家释放筷子 } } int main() { pthread_t tid[N]; int i, id[N]; pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { pthread_mutex_init(&s[i], NULL); state[i] = THINKING; id[i] = i; pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, philosopher, &id[i]); } for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { pthread_join(tid[i], NULL); } return 0; } ``` 在测试哲学家是否可以就餐时,如果无法获得任何一根筷子的锁,就立即释放已有的锁并从头开始尝试获取,直到尝试成功。这样可以防止死锁的发生,但可能会降低程序的性能。
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