二叉树理论基础
public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode() {}
* TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = left;
* this.right = right;
* }
* }
- 二叉树的存储方式:既可以使用指针链式存储,也可以以数组的形式顺序存储;
- 对于前中后序的遍历,只需要记住中间节点的位置即可;
对于深度优先遍历,既有递归法,也有迭代法。迭代法一般就是自己手动实现栈的逻辑,去遍历。这里对二叉树的前中后序遍历的递归法和迭代法做一个总结和分享:
前序遍历:中左右
class Solution {
public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
preorder(root, res);
return res;
}
public void preorder(TreeNode root, List<Integer> res) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
res.add(root.val);
preorder(root.left, res);
preorder(root.right, res);
}
}
- 迭代实现
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/445ba3e85a074513a4f219a5c524c188.png)
class Solution {
public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
if (root == null) {
return res;
}
Deque<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
TreeNode node = root;
while (!stack.isEmpty() || node != null) {
while (node != null) {
res.add(node.val);
stack.push(node);
node = node.left;
}
node = stack.pop();
node = node.right;
}
return res;
}
}
中序遍历:左中右
class Solution {
public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
inorder(root, res);
return res;
}
public void inorder(TreeNode root, List<Integer> res) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
inorder(root.left, res);
res.add(root.val);
inorder(root.right, res);
}
}
class Solution {
public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Deque<TreeNode> stk = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
while (root != null || !stk.isEmpty()) {
while (root != null) {
stk.push(root);
root = root.left;
}
root = stk.pop();
res.add(root.val);
root = root.right;
}
return res;
}
}
后序遍历:左右中
class Solution {
public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
postorder(root, res);
return res;
}
public void postorder(TreeNode root, List<Integer> res) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
postorder(root.left, res);
postorder(root.right, res);
res.add(root.val);
}
}
class Solution {
public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
if (root == null) {
return res;
}
Deque<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
TreeNode prev = null;
while (root != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (root != null) {
stack.push(root);
root = root.left;
}
root = stack.pop();
if (root.right == null || root.right == prev) {
res.add(root.val);
prev = root;
root = null;
} else {
stack.push(root);
root = root.right;
}
}
return res;
}
}