简单TCP通信模型

 在TCP/IP协议中，“IP地址+TCP或UDP端口号”唯一标识网络通讯中的一个进程，“IP地址+端口号”就称为socket。

int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);  成功文件描述符，失败-1

流式套接字：非帧同步
数据报套接字：帧同步

htonl()、htons() 主机字节序转换成网络字节序
ntohl()、ntohs() 网络字节序转换成主机字节序

inet_aton() 将字符串转换成32位的网络字节序二进制值
inet_addr() 同上，返回换后的地址
inet_ntoa() 将32位网络字节序二进制地址转换成点分十进制字符串

inet_pton() 将IPV4/IPV6的地址转换成binary
inet_ntop() 将binary转换成IPV4/IPV6地址

/usr/include/netinet/in.h
#define	INADDR_ANY		((in_addr_t) 0x00000000)格式

客户端代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>     

#define SIZE 100

int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <IP>:<PORT>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	
	//创建
	int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sockfd == -1)
	{
		perror("socket fail\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//准备好对端的地址
	struct sockaddr_in server;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(server);
	memset(&server, 0, len);
	
	server.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	server.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	
	//连接服务器
	int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, len);
	if(ret == -1)
	{
		perror("connect fail\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	char buf[SIZE];
	char *find;
	while(1)
	{
		memset(buf, 0, SIZE);
		fgets(buf, SIZE, stdin);
		
		//去掉fgets的吸收的换行符
		find = strchr(buf, '\n');
		if(find)
			*find = '\0';
		
		send(sockfd, buf, SIZE, 0);	
		if(!strncmp(buf, "exit", 4))
			break;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

服务器端代码如下

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>     

#define SIZE 100

int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{
	if(argc != 2)
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <PORT>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}

	//创建
	int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sockfd == -1)
	{
		perror("socket fail\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	struct sockaddr_in server,client;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(server);
	memset(&server, 0, len);
	
	server.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
	server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	
	//绑定
	int ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, len);
	if(ret == -1)
	{
		perror("bind fail\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//监听
	ret = listen(sockfd, 3);
	if(ret == -1)
	{
		perror("listen fail\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//等待对方连接请求
	len = sizeof(client);
	int clientfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &len);
	
	printf("new connection: %s:%hu\n",inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr), ntohs(client.sin_port));
	
	char buf[SIZE];
	while(1)
	{
		memset(buf, 0, SIZE);
		recv(clientfd, buf, SIZE, 0);
		printf("recv: %s\n",buf);
		
		if(!strncmp(buf, "exit", 4))
			break;
	}
	
	return 0;
}