C#——成员隐藏和重写（2021-04-29）

成员隐藏

父类成员不用修饰符，子类隐藏成员用new修饰符修饰（可以省略）。
当子类隐藏父类成员时，若父类向下生成子类实例，则父类成员不会被隐藏，而会调用父类成员；只有当子类生成子类实例时，才会隐藏父类成员，转而使用子类成员。
上代码：

using System;
namespace test
{
    public class Humanoid
    {
        public void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Humanoid version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy1 : Humanoid
    {
        public new void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy1 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy2 : Humanoid
    {
        public new void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy2 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Humanoid human = new Humanoid();
            Humanoid enemy1 = new Enemy1();
            Enemy2 enemy2 = new Enemy2();
            human.Yell();
            enemy1.Yell();
            enemy2.Yell();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

结果如下：

Humanoid version of the Yell() method
Humanoid version of the Yell() method
Enemy2 version of the Yell() method

重写

父类成员必须用virtual修饰符，子类中要重写的成员必须用override修饰符修饰。
当子类重写父类成员时，若父类向下生成子类实例，则父类成员会被重写，会调用子类成员；当子类生成子类实例时，也会重写父类成员，使用子类成员。
同样代码：

using System;

namespace test
{
    public class Humanoid
    {
        public virtual void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Humanoid version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy1 : Humanoid
    {
        public override void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy1 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy2 : Humanoid
    {
        public override void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy2 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy3 : Humanoid
    {
        public void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy3 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }
    
    public class Enemy4 : Humanoid
    {
        public void Yell()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Enemy4 version of the Yell() method");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Humanoid human = new Humanoid();
            Humanoid enemy1 = new Enemy1();
            Enemy2 enemy2 = new Enemy2();
            Humanoid enemy3 = new Enemy3();
            Enemy4 enemy4 = new Enemy4();
            human.Yell();
            enemy1.Yell();
            enemy2.Yell();
            enemy3.Yell();
            enemy4.Yell();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

结果如下：

Humanoid version of the Yell() method
Enemy1 version of the Yell() method
Enemy2 version of the Yell() method
Humanoid version of the Yell() method
Enemy4 version of the Yell() method