4qam、16qam、64qam、256qam理论仿真曲线

本博文给出了4qam、16qam、64qam、256qam理论仿真曲线，画出了EbN0 vs BER的曲线图，可以作为大家学习的一个参考。

仿真结果:

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Theoretical ber curves of different orders of QAM modulation
% Author: 苏大axing
% Version: 1.2
% Date: 2022/4/3
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
close all;
clear all;
clc

%% Parameters
EbN0_dB                         = -5:20;
bits_per_symbol_for_4qam        = 2;
bits_per_symbol_for_16qam       = 4;
bits_per_symbol_for_64qam       = 6;
bits_per_symbol_for_256qam      = 8;
Nsym                            = 2^18;
SNR_for_4qam                    = EbN0_dB+10*log10(bits_per_symbol_for_4qam);
SNR_for_16qam                   = EbN0_dB+10*log10(bits_per_symbol_for_16qam);
SNR_for_64qam                   = EbN0_dB+10*log10(bits_per_symbol_for_64qam);
SNR_for_256qam                  = EbN0_dB+10*log10(bits_per_symbol_for_256qam);

disp('           ');disp('           ');
disp('***********************************');
disp('generating binary bits');
disp('***********************************');
% Generating seeds
randn('state',12013)
rand('state',3693)
binary_bits_forqpsk             = randsrc(1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_4qam,[0 1]);
binary_bits_for16qam            = randsrc(1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_16qam,[0 1]);
binary_bits_for64qam            = randsrc(1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_64qam,[0 1]);
binary_bits_for256qam           = randsrc(1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_256qam,[0 1]);

% generating MQAM signals
disp('           ');disp('           ');
disp('***********************************');
disp('generating MQAM signal');
disp('***********************************');

%%%%%%%%%% 4QAM
paraller_for_4qam               = reshape(binary_bits_forqpsk,bits_per_symbol_for_4qam,Nsym);
k_4qam                          = 2^bits_per_symbol_for_4qam;
[Output]                        = BitsToInteger(paraller_for_4qam);
qam4_signal                     = qammod(Output,k_4qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);

% figure(1)
% subplot(2,2,1);
% plot(qam4_signal,'.');
% title('4QAM signal');

%%%%%%%%%% 16QAM
paraller_for_16qam              = reshape(binary_bits_for16qam,bits_per_symbol_for_16qam,Nsym);
k_16qam                         = 2^bits_per_symbol_for_16qam;
[Output]                        = BitsToInteger(paraller_for_16qam);
qam16_signal                    = qammod(Output,k_16qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);

% figure(1)
% subplot(2,2,2);
% plot(qam16_signal,'.');
% title('16QAM signal');

%%%%%%%%%% 64QAM
paraller_for_64qam              = reshape(binary_bits_for64qam,bits_per_symbol_for_64qam,Nsym);
k_64qam                         = 2^bits_per_symbol_for_64qam;
[Output]                        = BitsToInteger(paraller_for_64qam);
qam64_signal                    = qammod(Output,k_64qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);

% figure(1)
% subplot(2,2,3);
% plot(qam64_signal,'.');
% title('64QAM signal');

%%%%%%%%%% 256QAM
paraller_for_256qam             = reshape(binary_bits_for256qam,bits_per_symbol_for_256qam,Nsym);
k_256qam                        = 2^bits_per_symbol_for_256qam;
[Output]                        = BitsToInteger(paraller_for_256qam);
qam256_signal                   = qammod(Output,k_256qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);

% figure(1)
% subplot(2,2,4);
% plot(qam256_signal,'.');
% title('256QAM signal');

for i=1:length(EbN0_dB)
received_qam4                   = awgn(qam4_signal,SNR_for_4qam(i),'measured');
received_qam16                  = awgn(qam16_signal,SNR_for_16qam(i),'measured');
received_qam64                  = awgn(qam64_signal,SNR_for_64qam(i),'measured');
received_qam256                 = awgn(qam256_signal,SNR_for_256qam(i),'measured');

%% demodulation
%%%%%%%%%% 4QAM
demod_signal_for_4qam           = qamdemod(received_qam4,k_4qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);
[Output]                        = IntegerToBits(demod_signal_for_4qam,bits_per_symbol_for_4qam);
received_Bits_for_4qam          = reshape(Output,1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_4qam);
ErrorNumber_for_4qam            = size(find(received_Bits_for_4qam-binary_bits_forqpsk),2);
BER_for_4qam(i)                 = ErrorNumber_for_4qam/(Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_4qam)

%%%%%%%%%% 16QAM
demod_signal_for_16qam          = qamdemod(received_qam16,k_16qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);
[Output]                        = IntegerToBits(demod_signal_for_16qam,bits_per_symbol_for_16qam);
received_Bits_for_16qam         = reshape(Output,1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_16qam);
ErrorNumber_for_16qam           = size(find(received_Bits_for_16qam-binary_bits_for16qam),2);
BER_for_16qam(i)                = ErrorNumber_for_16qam/(Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_16qam)

%%%%%%%%%% 64QAM
demod_signal_for_64qam          = qamdemod(received_qam64,k_64qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);
[Output]                        = IntegerToBits(demod_signal_for_64qam,bits_per_symbol_for_64qam);
received_Bits_for_64qam         = reshape(Output,1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_64qam);
ErrorNumber_for_64qam           = size(find(received_Bits_for_64qam-binary_bits_for64qam),2);
BER_for_64qam(i)                = ErrorNumber_for_64qam/(Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_64qam)

%%%%%%%%%% 256QAM
demod_signal_for_256qam         = qamdemod(received_qam256,k_256qam,'gray','UnitAveragePower', true);
[Output]                        = IntegerToBits(demod_signal_for_256qam,bits_per_symbol_for_256qam);
received_Bits_for_256qam        = reshape(Output,1,Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_256qam);
ErrorNumber_for_256qam          = size(find(received_Bits_for_256qam-binary_bits_for256qam),2);
BER_for_256qam(i)               = ErrorNumber_for_256qam/(Nsym*bits_per_symbol_for_256qam)
end

figure(2)
semilogy(EbN0_dB,BER_for_4qam,'g-<','MarkerFaceColor','g','LineWidth',1);hold on;
semilogy(EbN0_dB,BER_for_16qam,'m->','MarkerFaceColor','m','LineWidth',1);hold on;
semilogy(EbN0_dB,BER_for_64qam,'b-^','MarkerFaceColor','b','LineWidth',1);hold on;
semilogy(EbN0_dB,BER_for_256qam,'r-<','MarkerFaceColor','r','LineWidth',1);hold on;
axis([-5 20 1e-5 1]);
plot([-5 20],[3.8e-3,3.8e-3],'r','LineWidth',1);hold on;
grid on;
xlabel('E_{b}N_{0}(dB)');ylabel('BER');
legend('4qam','16qam','64qam ','256qam',...
    'FEC(3.8x10^-^3)','Location','SouthWest');



function [Output] = BitsToInteger(input)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Convert Bits to Integer
% Author: Zhongxing Tian
% Version: 1.1
% Date: 2022/2/18
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[M,N] = size(input);

Value = zeros(1,N);

for i = 2:M
    Value = Value+input(i,:).*2^(i-1); % 阶数从上到下（第一行最小
end

Value = Value+input(1,:);

Output = Value;
end




function [Output] = IntegerToBits(input,bits_per_symbol)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Convert Integer to Bits
% Author: Zhongxing Tian
% Version: 1.1
% Date: 2022/2/18
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[~,N] = size(input);

Value = zeros(bits_per_symbol,N);

for i = 1:N
    k = 2^bits_per_symbol;
    for j = 1:bits_per_symbol
        if input(1,i)<k/2
            Value(bits_per_symbol-j+1,i) = 0;% 阶数从上到下（第一行最小）
            k = k-2^(bits_per_symbol-j);                
        else
            Value(bits_per_symbol-j+1,i) = 1;
            k = k+2^(bits_per_symbol-j);
        end
    end
end

Output = Value;
end