数字图像处理｜Matlab-基于颜色的车牌识别程序

Matlab-车牌识别

修改优化后代码链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_43571150/12033276

⻋牌自动识别技术的关键在于⻋牌定位、字符切割、字符识别及后续处理等

1. Hough变换的方法在⻋牌区域变形或图象被污损情况下容易失效
2. 灰度分割则比直线检测的方法要稳定，但当图象在有许多与⻋牌的灰度非常相似的区域时，该方法也容易失效
3. 纹理分析在遇到类似⻋牌纹理特征的其他因素干扰时，⻋牌定位正确率也会受到影响

过程&结果👇



Matlab代码👇

main.m👇

clc;
clear all;
%主要模块如下：
%颜色信息提取、车牌区域定位、识别、提取、检测倾斜度、车牌校正
%车牌区域2值化、擦除干扰区域、文字分割、模版匹配、结果输出
%
%

%% 自动弹出提示框读入图片
[fn,pn,fi]=uigetfile('*.jpg','选择图片');
I=imread([pn fn]);
figure,imshow(I);title('原始图像');      %显示原始图像
chepailujing=[pn fn];
I_bai=I;
[PY2,PY1,PX2,PX1]=caitu_fenge(I);       %图像分割，车牌定位，并得到车牌的上边界PY1、下边界PY2、左边界PX1、右边界 PX2


%% 分割车牌区域
[PY2,PY1,PX2,PX1,threshold]=SEC_xiuzheng(PY2,PY1,PX2,PX1);  %车牌区域根据面积二次修正
Plate=I_bai(PY1:PY2,PX1:PX2,:);

bw=Plate;figure,imshow(bw);title('车牌图像');

%根据图像的倾斜度进行选择
bw=rgb2gray(bw);figure,imshow(bw);title('灰度图像');
qingxiejiao=rando_bianhuan(bw);     %倾斜校正
bw=imrotate(bw,qingxiejiao,'bilinear','crop');figure,imshow(bw);title('倾斜校正');%取值为负值向右旋转

bw=im2bw(bw,graythresh(bw));    %graythresh功能：使用最大类间方差法找到图片的一个合适的阈值，更好地把一张灰度图像转换为二值图像
bw=bwmorph(bw,'hbreak',inf);    %对二值图像inf 无穷大的形态学处理，直到图像不再发生变化，　'hbreak'：断开图像中的H型连接
bw=bwmorph(bw,'spur',inf);      %'spur'：去除小的分支（毛刺）
bw=bwmorph(bw,'open',5);        %指定的形态学处理5次 'open'：进行形态学开运算（即先膨胀后腐蚀）
bw = bwareaopen(bw, threshold); %删除二值图像bw中面积小于P的对象，默认情况下conn使用8邻域

figure,imshow(bw);title('擦除');
bw=~bw;%倒置二进制矩阵bw
figure,imshow(bw);title('擦除反色'); 

%上下边框的去除，对图像进一步裁剪，保证边框贴近字体
bw=touying(bw);     %投影法
figure;imshow(bw);title('Y方向处理');
bw=~bw;
bw=bwareaopen(bw, threshold);
bw=~bw;
[y,x]=size(bw);     %对长宽重新赋值


%% 文字分割
fenge=shuzifenge(bw,qingxiejiao);
[m,k]=size(fenge);

%显示分割图像结果
figure;
for s=1:2:k-1
    subplot(1,k/2,(s+1)/2);imshow(bw( 1:y,fenge(s):fenge(s+1)));
end

%给七张图片定位
han_zi  =bw( 1:y,fenge(1):fenge(2));
zi_mu   =bw( 1:y,fenge(3):fenge(4));
zm_sz_1 =bw( 1:y,fenge(5):fenge(6));
zm_sz_2 =bw( 1:y,fenge(7):fenge(8));  
shuzi_1 =bw( 1:y,fenge(9):fenge(10)); 
shuzi_2 =bw( 1:y,fenge(11):fenge(12)); 
shuzi_3 =bw( 1:y,fenge(13):fenge(14)); 


%% 识别

%把修正数据读入
xiuzhenghanzi   = imresize(han_zi, [110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengzimu    = imresize(zi_mu,  [110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengzm_sz_1 = imresize(zm_sz_1,[110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengzm_sz_2 = imresize(zm_sz_2,[110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengshuzi_1 = imresize(shuzi_1,[110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengshuzi_2 = imresize(shuzi_2,[110 55],'bilinear');
xiuzhengshuzi_3 = imresize(shuzi_3,[110 55],'bilinear');

%把0-9 , A-Z以及省份简称的数据存储方便访问
hanzishengfen=duquhanzi(imread('cpgui.bmp'),imread('cpguizhou.bmp'),imread('cpjing.bmp'),imread('cpsu.bmp'),imread('cpyue.bmp'));%识别汉字

%数字和字母比例不同
shuzizimu=duquszzm(imread('0.bmp'),imread('1.bmp'),imread('2.bmp'),imread('3.bmp'),imread('4.bmp'),...
                   imread('5.bmp'),imread('6.bmp'),imread('7.bmp'),imread('8.bmp'),imread('9.bmp'),...
                   imread('10.bmp'),imread('11.bmp'),imread('12.bmp'),imread('13.bmp'),imread('14.bmp'),...
                   imread('15.bmp'),imread('16.bmp'),imread('17.bmp'),imread('18.bmp'),imread('19.bmp'),...
                   imread('20.bmp'),imread('21.bmp'),imread('22.bmp'),imread('23.bmp'),imread('24.bmp'),...
                   imread('25.bmp'),imread('26.bmp'),imread('27.bmp'),imread('28.bmp'),imread('29.bmp'),...
                   imread('30.bmp'),imread('31.bmp'),imread('32.bmp'),imread('33.bmp'));
               
zimu  = duquzimu(imread('10.bmp'),imread('11.bmp'),imread('12.bmp'),imread('13.bmp'),imread('14.bmp'),...
                 imread('15.bmp'),imread('16.bmp'),imread('17.bmp'),imread('18.bmp'),imread('19.bmp'),...
                 imread('20.bmp'),imread('21.bmp'),imread('22.bmp'),imread('23.bmp'),imread('24.bmp'),...
                 imread('25.bmp'),imread('26.bmp'),imread('27.bmp'),imread('28.bmp'),imread('29.bmp'),...
                 imread('30.bmp'),imread('31.bmp'),imread('32.bmp'),imread('33.bmp'));
             
shuzi = duqushuzi(imread('0.bmp'),imread('1.bmp'),imread('2.bmp'),imread('3.bmp'),imread('4.bmp'),...
                 imread('5.bmp'),imread('6.bmp'),imread('7.bmp'),imread('8.bmp'),imread('9.bmp')); 

%% 识别结果
i=1;
jieguohanzi  = shibiehanzi(hanzishengfen,xiuzhenghanzi);shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguohanzi;  i=i+1;
jieguozimu   = shibiezimu(zimu,xiuzhengzimu);           shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguozimu;   i=i+1;
jieguozm_sz_1= shibiezm_sz(shuzizimu,xiuzhengzm_sz_1);  shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguozm_sz_1;i=i+1;
jieguozm_sz_2= shibiezm_sz(shuzizimu,xiuzhengzm_sz_2);  shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguozm_sz_2;i=i+1;
jieguoshuzi_1= shibieshuzi(shuzi,xiuzhengshuzi_1);      shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguoshuzi_1;i=i+1;
jieguoshuzi_2= shibieshuzi(shuzi,xiuzhengshuzi_2);      shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguoshuzi_2;i=i+1;
jieguoshuzi_3= shibieshuzi(shuzi,xiuzhengshuzi_3);      shibiejieguo(1,i) =jieguoshuzi_3;i=i+1;

%对话框显示显示
shibiejieguo;
msgbox(shibiejieguo,'识别结果');

caitu_fenge.m👇

function [PY2,PY1,PX2,PX1]=caitu_fenge(I)
[y,x,z]=size(I);    %行数/列数/RGB层数
myI=double(I);      %将I数据转换成双精度型
Y_threshlow=5;      %阈值 决定提取的彩图质量
X_firrectify=5;     %干扰因子 适当提高可抗干扰，但是小图会照成剪裁太多

%% Y 方向
Blue_y=zeros(y,1);      %创建y列向量,统计蓝色像素点
for i=1:y
    for j=1:x   
        if(