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谷歌力作Guava

第一章 Guava环境设置
第二章 Guava Optional类
第三章 Guava Preconditions类
第四章 Guava Ordering类
第五章 Guava Objects类
第六章 Guava Range类
第七章 Guava Throwables类
第八章 Guava集合工具
第九章 Guava缓存工具
第十章 Guava字符串工具
第十一章 Guava数学工具

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前言

Guava是一种基于开源的Java库，其中包含谷歌正在由他们很多项目使用的很多核心库。这个库是为了方便编码，并减少编码错误。这个库提供用于集合，缓存，支持原语，并发性，常见注解，字符串处理，I/O和验证的实用方法。

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第一章 Guava环境设置

1.下载Guava存档

我下载的-18版本，但是现在已经是-23版本，大家自选即可。
分享地址Guava下载链接

2.设置Guava环境

第二章 Guava Optional类

Optional用于包含非空对象的不可变对象。 Optional对象，用于不存在值表示null。这个类有各种实用的方法，以方便代码来处理为可用或不可用，而不是检查null值。

类声明

@GwtCompatible(serializable=true)
public abstract class Optional<T> extends Object implements Serializable

类方法

Optional案例

import com.google.common.base.Optional;

public class GuavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      GuavaTester guavaTester = new GuavaTester();

      Integer value1 =  null;
      Integer value2 =  new Integer(10);
      //Optional.fromNullable - allows passed parameter to be null.
      Optional<Integer> a = Optional.fromNullable(value1);
      //Optional.of - throws NullPointerException if passed parameter is null
      Optional<Integer> b = Optional.of(value2);		

      System.out.println(guavaTester.sum(a,b));
   }

   public Integer sum(Optional<Integer> a, Optional<Integer> b){
      //Optional.isPresent - checks the value is present or not
      System.out.println("First parameter is present: " + a.isPresent());

      System.out.println("Second parameter is present: " + b.isPresent());

      //Optional.or - returns the value if present otherwise returns
      //the default value passed.
      Integer value1 = a.or(new Integer(0));	

      //Optional.get - gets the value, value should be present
      Integer value2 = b.get();

      return value1 + value2;
   }	
}

第三章 Guava Preconditions类

Preconditions提供静态方法来检查方法或构造函数，被调用是否给定适当的参数。它检查的先决条件。其方法失败抛出IllegalArgumentException。

类声明

@GwtCompatible
public final class Preconditions extends Object

类方法

Preconditions案例

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;

public class GuavaTester {

   public static void main(String args[]){
      GuavaTester guavaTester = new GuavaTester();
      try {
         System.out.println(guavaTester.sqrt(-3.0));
      }catch(IllegalArgumentException e){
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }
      try {
         System.out.println(guavaTester.sum(null,3));
      }catch(NullPointerException e){
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }
      try {
         System.out.println(guavaTester.getValue(6));
      }catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e){
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }
   }

   public double sqrt(double input) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      Preconditions.checkArgument(input > 0.0,
         "Illegal Argument passed: Negative value %s.", input);
      return Math.sqrt(input);
   }	

   public int sum(Integer a, Integer b){
      a = Preconditions.checkNotNull(a,
         "Illegal Argument passed: First parameter is Null.");
      b = Preconditions.checkNotNull(b,
         "Illegal Argument passed: Second parameter is Null.");
      return a+b;
   }

   public int getValue(int input){
      int[] data = {1,2,3,4,5};
      Preconditions.checkElementIndex(input,data.length,
         "Illegal Argument passed: Invalid index.");
      return 0;
   }
}

第四章 Guava Ordering类

Ordering(排序)可以被看作是一个丰富的比较具有增强功能的链接，多个实用方法，多类型排序功能等。

类声明

@GwtCompatible
public abstract class Ordering<T> extends Object implements Comparator<T>

类方法

Ordering 案例

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;

public class GuavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      List<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>();
      numbers.add(new Integer(5));
      numbers.add(new Integer(2));
      numbers.add(new Integer(15));
      numbers.add(new Integer(51));
      numbers.add(new Integer(53));
      numbers.add(new Integer(35));
      numbers.add(new Integer(45));
      numbers.add(new Integer(32));
      numbers.add(new Integer(43));
      numbers.add(new Integer(16));

      Ordering ordering = Ordering.natural();
      System.out.println("Input List: ");
      System.out.println(numbers);		
         
      Collections.sort(numbers,ordering );
      System.out.println("Sorted List: ");
      System.out.println(numbers);
         
      System.out.println("======================");
      System.out.println("List is sorted: " + ordering.isOrdered(numbers));
      System.out.println("Minimum: " + ordering.min(numbers));
      System.out.println("Maximum: " + ordering.max(numbers));
         
      Collections.sort(numbers,ordering.reverse());
      System.out.println("Reverse: " + numbers);

      numbers.add(null);
      System.out.println("Null added to Sorted List: ");
      System.out.println(numbers);		

      Collections.sort(numbers,ordering.nullsFirst());
      System.out.println("Null first Sorted List: ");
      System.out.println(numbers);
      System.out.println("======================");

      List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
      names.add("Ram");
      names.add("Shyam");
      names.add("Mohan");
      names.add("Sohan");
      names.add("Ramesh");
      names.add("Suresh");
      names.add("Naresh");
      names.add("Mahesh");
      names.add(null);
      names.add("Vikas");
      names.add("Deepak");

      System.out.println("Another List: ");
      System.out.println(names);

	  Collections.sort(names,ordering.nullsFirst().reverse());
      System.out.println("Null first then reverse sorted list: ");
      System.out.println(names);
   }
}

第五章 Guava Objects类

Objects类提供适用于所有对象，如equals, hashCode等辅助函数

类声明

@GwtCompatible
public final class Objects extends Object

类方法

示例

import com.google.common.base.Objects;

public class GuavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Student s1 = new Student("Mahesh", "Parashar", 1, "VI");	
      Student s2 = new Student("Suresh", null, 3, null);	
	  
      System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
      System.out.println(s1.hashCode());	
      System.out.println(
      Objects.toStringHelper(s1)
         .add("Name",s1.getFirstName()+" " + s1.getLastName())
         .add("Class", s1.getClassName())
         .add("Roll No", s1.getRollNo())
         .toString());
   }
}

class Student {
   private String firstName;
   private String lastName;
   private int rollNo;
   private String className;

   public Student(String firstName, String lastName, int rollNo, String className){
      this.firstName = firstName;
      this.lastName = lastName;
      this.rollNo = rollNo;
      this.className = className;		
   }

   @Override
   public boolean equals(Object object){
      if(!(object instanceof Student) || object == null){
         return false;
      }
      Student student = (Student)object;
      // no need to handle null here		
      // Objects.equal("test", "test") == true
      // Objects.equal("test", null) == false
      // Objects.equal(null, "test") == false
      // Objects.equal(null, null) == true		
      return Objects.equal(firstName, student.firstName) // first name can be null
         && Objects.equal(lastName, student.lastName) // last name can be null
         && Objects.equal(rollNo, student.rollNo)	
         && Objects.equal(className, student.className);// class name can be null
   }

   @Override
   public int hashCode(){
      //no need to compute hashCode by self
      return Objects.hashCode(className,rollNo);
   }
   public String getFirstName() {
      return firstName;
   }
   public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
      this.firstName = firstName;
   }
   public String getLastName() {
      return lastName;
   }
   public void setLastName(String lastName) {
      this.lastName = lastName;
   }
   public int getRollNo() {
      return rollNo;
   }
   public void setRollNo(int rollNo) {
      this.rollNo = rollNo;
   }
   public String getClassName() {
      return className;
   }
   public void setClassName(String className) {
      this.className = className;
   }
}

第六章 Guava Range类

Range 表示一个间隔或一个序列。它被用于获取一组数字/串在一个特定范围之内。

类声明

@GwtCompatible
public final class Range<C extends Comparable> extends Object implements Predicate<C>, Serializable

类方法

案例

import com.google.common.collect.ContiguousSet;
import com.google.common.collect.DiscreteDomain;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;

public class GuavaTester {

   public static void main(String args[]){
      GuavaTester tester = new GuavaTester();
      tester.testRange();
   }

   private void testRange(){

      //create a range [a,b] = { x | a <= x <= b}
      Range<Integer> range1 = Range.closed(0, 9);	
      System.out.print("[0,9] : ");
      printRange(range1);		
      System.out.println("5 is present: " + range1.contains(5));
      System.out.println("(1,2,3) is present: " + range1.containsAll(Ints.asList(1, 2, 3)));
      System.out.println("Lower Bound: " + range1.lowerEndpoint());
      System.out.println("Upper Bound: " + range1.upperEndpoint());

      //create a range (a,b) = { x | a < x < b}
      Range<Integer> range2 = Range.open(0, 9);
      System.out.print("(0,9) : ");
      printRange(range2);

      //create a range (a,b] = { x | a < x <= b}
      Range<Integer> range3 = Range.openClosed(0, 9);
      System.out.print("(0,9] : ");
      printRange(range3);

      //create a range [a,b) = { x | a <= x < b}
      Range<Integer> range4 = Range.closedOpen(0, 9);
      System.out.print("[0,9) : ");
      printRange(range4);

      //create an open ended range (9, infinity
      Range<Integer> range5 = Range.greaterThan(9);
      System.out.println("(9,infinity) : ");
      System.out.println("Lower Bound: " + range5.lowerEndpoint());
      System.out.println("Upper Bound present: " + range5.hasUpperBound());

      Range<Integer> range6 = Range.closed(3, 5);	
      printRange(range6);

      //check a subrange [3,5] in [0,9]
      System.out.println("[0,9] encloses [3,5]:" + range1.encloses(range6));

      Range<Integer> range7 = Range.closed(9, 20);	
      printRange(range7);
      //check ranges to be connected		
      System.out.println("[0,9] is connected [9,20]:" + range1.isConnected(range7));

      Range<Integer> range8 = Range.closed(5, 15);	

      //intersection
      printRange(range1.intersection(range8));

      //span
      printRange(range1.span(range8));
   }

   private void printRange(Range<Integer> range){		
      System.out.print("[ ");
      for(int grade : ContiguousSet.create(range, DiscreteDomain.integers())) {
         System.out.print(grade +" ");
      }
      System.out.println("]");
   }
}

第七章 Guava Throwables类

Throwable类提供了相关的Throwable接口的实用方法。

类声明

public final class Throwables extends Object

类方法

案例

import java.io.IOException;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.common.base.Throwables;

public class GuavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      GuavaTester tester = new GuavaTester();
      try {
         tester.showcaseThrowables();
      } catch (InvalidInputException e) {
         //get the root cause
         System.out.println(Throwables.getRootCause(e));
      }catch (Exception e) {
         //get the stack trace in string format
         System.out.println(Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e));				
      }

      try {
         tester.showcaseThrowables1();			
      }catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e));				
      }
   }

   public void showcaseThrowables() throws InvalidInputException{
      try {
         sqrt(-3.0);			
      } catch (Throwable e) {
         //check the type of exception and throw it
         Throwables.propagateIfInstanceOf(e, InvalidInputException.class);		
         Throwables.propagate(e);
      }	
   }

   public void showcaseThrowables1(){
      try {			
         int[] data = {1,2,3}; 
         getValue(data, 4);			
      } catch (Throwable e) {        
         Throwables.propagateIfInstanceOf(e, IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);		
         Throwables.propagate(e);
      }	
   }

   public double sqrt(double input) throws InvalidInputException{
      if(input < 0) throw new InvalidInputException();
      return Math.sqrt(input);
   }

   public double getValue(int[] list, int index) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {
      return list[index];
   }

   public void dummyIO() throws IOException {
      throw new IOException();
   }
}

class InvalidInputException extends Exception {
}

第八章 Guava集合工具

第九章 Guava缓存工具

Guava通过接口LoadingCache提供了一个非常强大的基于内存的LoadingCache<K，V>。在缓存中自动加载值，它提供了许多实用的方法，在有缓存需求时非常有用。

接口声明

@Beta
@GwtCompatible
public interface LoadingCache<K,V> extends Cache<K,V>, Function<K,V>

接口方法

案例

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;

public class GuavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      //create a cache for employees based on their employee id
      LoadingCache employeeCache = 
         CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(100) // maximum 100 records can be cached
            .expireAfterAccess(30, TimeUnit.MINUTES) // cache will expire after 30 minutes of access
            .build(new CacheLoader(){ // build the cacheloader
               @Override
               public Employee load(String empId) throws Exception {
                  //make the expensive call
                  return getFromDatabase(empId);
               }							
            });

      try {			
         //on first invocation, cache will be populated with corresponding
         //employee record
         System.out.println("Invocation #1");
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("100"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("103"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("110"));
         //second invocation, data will be returned from cache
         System.out.println("Invocation #2");
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("100"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("103"));
         System.out.println(employeeCache.get("110"));

      } catch (ExecutionException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   private static Employee getFromDatabase(String empId){
      Employee e1 = new Employee("Mahesh", "Finance", "100");
      Employee e2 = new Employee("Rohan", "IT", "103");
      Employee e3 = new Employee("Sohan", "Admin", "110");

      Map database = new HashMap();
      database.put("100", e1);
      database.put("103", e2);
      database.put("110", e3);
      System.out.println("Database hit for" + empId);
      return database.get(empId);		
   }
}

class Employee {
   String name;
   String dept;
   String emplD;

   public Employee(String name, String dept, String empID){
      this.name = name;
      this.dept = dept;
      this.emplD = empID;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getDept() {
      return dept;
   }
   public void setDept(String dept) {
      this.dept = dept;
   }
   public String getEmplD() {
      return emplD;
   }
   public void setEmplD(String emplD) {
      this.emplD = emplD;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(Employee.class)
      .add("Name", name)
      .add("Department", dept)
      .add("Emp Id", emplD).toString();
   }	
}

第十章 Guava字符串工具

第十一章 Guava数学工具

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总结

Guava的好处在于标准化 - Guava库是由谷歌托管；高效 - 可靠，快速和有效的扩展JAVA标准库；优化 -Guava库经过高度的优化；函数式编程 -增加JAVA功能和处理能力；实用程序 - 提供了经常需要在应用程序开发的许多实用程序类；验证 -提供标准的故障安全验证机制；最佳实践 - 强调最佳的做法。