C++ STL专题解题安迪的字典

Andy, 8, has a dream - he wants to produce his very own dictionary. This is not an easy task for him, as the number of words that he knows is, well, not quite enough. Instead of thinking up all the words himself, he has a briliant idea. From his bookshelf he would pick one of his favourite story books, from which he would copy out all the distinct words. By arranging the words in alphabetical order, he is done! Of course, it is a really time-consuming job, and this is where a computer program is helpful. You are asked to write a program that lists all the different words in the input text. In this problem, a word is defined as a consecutive sequence of alphabets, in upper and/or lower case.
Words with only one letter are also to be considered. Furthermore, your program must be CaSe InSeNsItIvE. For example, words like “Apple”, “apple” or “APPLE” must be considered the same.
Input

The input file is a text with no more than 5000 lines. An input line has at most 200 characters. Input
is terminated by EOF.

Output
Your output should give a list of different words that appears in the input text, one in a line. The
words should all be in lower case, sorted in alphabetical order. You can be sure that he number of
distinct words in the text does not exceed 5000.

Sample Input
Adventures in Disneyland
Two blondes were going to Disneyland when they came to a fork in the
road. The sign read: “Disneyland Left.”
So they went home.

Sample Output
a
adventures
blondes
came
disneyland
fork
going
home
in
left
read
road
sign
so
the
they
to
two
went
were
when

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<set>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
set<string>dict;
int main()
{
	string s,buf;
	while(cin>>s)  
	{
		for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
		{
			if(isalpha(s[i]))
			    s[i]=tolower(s[i]);
			else
			    s[i]=' '; 
		} 
		stringstream ss(s);
		while(ss>>buf)
		dict.insert(buf);
	}
	for(set<string>::iterator it=dict.begin();it!=dict.end();it++)
	    cout<<*it<<"\n";
    return 0;
}

补充几个函数的含义：

1. isalpha函数
   判断字符ch是否为英文字母，当ch为英文字母a-z或A-Z时，返回非零值，否则返回零。
   isalpha（a）如果是英文字符返回1，否则返回0。

2. tolower函数
   函数说明：若参数 A 为大写字母则将该对应的小写字母 a 返回。
   返回值：返回转换后的小写字母，若不须转换则将参数a 值返回。

3. stringstream导入流函数
   stringstream是 C++ 提供的另一个字串型的串流(stream)物件，和之前学过的iostream、fstream有 类似的操作方式。要使用stringstream， 必须先加入这一行：
   头文件 #include
   stringstream主要是用在將一个字符串分割，可以先用.clear( )以及.str( )將指定字串设定成一开始的內容，再用>>把个別的资料输出。