背景
看论文看到了这距离的作用，就试着学了一下，然后又恰巧发现这东西是个二维的dp 就用之前学的dp优化方法搞了一下。
这个距离的定义我就不讲了，数学描述烧脑子，有兴趣自己去看。直觉定义我放这儿。
一个人在遛狗，他们走在各自的道路上。他们可能有着不同的速度，但是都不能往回走。最终的目的，就是求满足要求的绳子的最小长度。
作用。这个重要，用来衡量两个曲线（空间路径）的相似性，曲线的相似性，我感觉我回到了泛函分析（晕）
文件结构
代码
首先定义一个计算距离的py文件，其实就是把三种距离的计算打包在一个py文件里面，主要就是看你想用啥距离测度来描述两个点的距离（曼哈顿，欧式。切比雪夫、马氏、测地巴拉巴拉）
distance_lib.py
import numpy as np
import math
from numba import jit
@jit(nopython=True, fastmath=True)
def euclidean(p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
d = p - q
return math.sqrt(np.dot(d, d))
@jit(nopython=True, fastmath=True)
def haversine(p: np.ndarray,
q: np.ndarray) -> float:
"""
Vectorized haversine distance calculation
:p: Initial location in radians
:q: Final location in radians
:return: Distance
"""
d = q - p
a = math.sin(d[0]/2.0)**2 + math.cos(p[0]) * math.cos(q[0]) \
* math.sin(d[1]/2.0)**2
c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1.0 - a))
return c
@jit(nopython=True, fastmath=True)
def earth_haversine(p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
"""
Vectorized haversine distance calculation
:p: Initial location in degrees [lat, lon]
:q: Final location in degrees [lat, lon]
:return: Distances in meters
"""
earth_radius = 6378137.0
return haversine(np.radians(p), np.radians(q)) * earth_radius
test1.py
import numpy as np
from typing import Callable, Dict
from numba import jit
from timeit import default_timer as timer
from distance_lib import euclidean, haversine, earth_haversine
class DiscreteFrechet(object):
"""
Calculates the discrete Fréchet distance between two poly-lines using the
original recursive algorithm
"""
def __init__(self, dist_func):
"""
Initializes the instance with a pairwise distance function.
:param dist_func: The distance function. It must accept two NumPy
arrays containing the point coordinates (x, y), (lat, long)
"""
self.dist_func = dist_func
self.ca = np.array([0.0])
def distance(self, p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
"""
Calculates the Fréchet distance between poly-lines p and q
This function implements the algorithm described by Eiter & Mannila
:param p: Poly-line p
:param q: Poly-line q
:return: Distance value
"""
def calculate(i: int, j: int) -> float:
"""
Calculates the distance between p[i] and q[i]
:param i: Index into poly-line p
:param j: Index into poly-line q
:return: Distance value
"""
if self.ca[i, j] > -1.0:
return self.ca[i, j]
d = self.dist_func(p[i], q[j])
if i == 0 and j == 0:
self.ca[i, j] = d
elif i > 0 and j == 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(calculate(i-1, 0), d)
elif i == 0 and j > 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(calculate(0, j-1), d)
elif i > 0 and j > 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(min(calculate(i-1, j),
calculate(i-1, j-1),
calculate(i, j-1)), d)
else:
self.ca[i, j] = np.infty
return self.ca[i, j]
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
self.ca = np.zeros((n_p, n_q))
self.ca.fill(-1.0)
return calculate(n_p - 1, n_q - 1)
@jit(nopython=True)
def _get_linear_frechet(p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray,
dist_func: Callable[[np.ndarray, np.ndarray], float]) \
-> np.ndarray:
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
ca = np.zeros((n_p, n_q), dtype=np.float64)
for i in range(n_p):
for j in range(n_q):
d = dist_func(p[i], q[j])
if i > 0 and j > 0:
ca[i, j] = max(min(ca[i - 1, j],
ca[i - 1, j - 1],
ca[i, j - 1]), d)
elif i > 0 and j == 0:
ca[i, j] = max(ca[i - 1, 0], d)
elif i == 0 and j > 0:
ca[i, j] = max(ca[0, j - 1], d)
elif i == 0 and j == 0:
ca[i, j] = d
else:
ca[i, j] = np.infty
return ca
class LinearDiscreteFrechet(DiscreteFrechet):
def __init__(self, dist_func):
DiscreteFrechet.__init__(self, dist_func)
# JIT the numba code
self.distance(np.array([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]),
np.array([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]))
def distance(self, p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
self.ca = _get_linear_frechet(p, q, self.dist_func)
return self.ca[n_p - 1, n_q - 1]
@jit(nopython=True)
def distance_matrix(p: np.ndarray,
q: np.ndarray,
dist_func: Callable[[np.array, np.array], float]) \
-> np.ndarray:
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
dist = np.zeros((n_p, n_q), dtype=np.float64)
for i in range(n_p):
for j in range(n_q):
dist[i, j] = dist_func(p[i], q[j])
return dist
class VectorizedDiscreteFrechet(DiscreteFrechet):
def __init__(self, dist_func):
DiscreteFrechet.__init__(self, dist_func)
self.dist = np.array([0.0])
def distance(self, p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
"""
Calculates the Fréchet distance between poly-lines p and q
This function implements the algorithm described by Eiter & Mannila
:param p: Poly-line p
:param q: Poly-line q
:return: Distance value
"""
def calculate(i: int, j: int) -> float:
"""
Calculates the distance between p[i] and q[i]
:param i: Index into poly-line p
:param j: Index into poly-line q
:return: Distance value
"""
if self.ca[i, j] > -1.0:
return self.ca[i, j]
d = self.dist[i, j]
if i == 0 and j == 0:
self.ca[i, j] = d
elif i > 0 and j == 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(calculate(i-1, 0), d)
elif i == 0 and j > 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(calculate(0, j-1), d)
elif i > 0 and j > 0:
self.ca[i, j] = max(min(calculate(i-1, j),
calculate(i-1, j-1),
calculate(i, j-1)), d)
else:
self.ca[i, j] = np.infty
return self.ca[i, j]
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
self.ca = np.zeros((n_p, n_q))
self.ca.fill(-1.0)
self.dist = distance_matrix(p, q, dist_func=self.dist_func)
return calculate(n_p - 1, n_q - 1)
@jit(nopython=True)
def compression_get_linear_frechet(p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray,
dist_func: Callable[[np.ndarray, np.ndarray], float]) \
-> np.ndarray:
n_p = p.shape[0]
n_q = q.shape[0]
ca = np.zeros((n_q), dtype=np.float64)
for j in range(n_q):
ca[j] = dist_func(p[0], q[j])
for i in range(1,n_p):
temp = ca[0]
# 初始化最开始的
d = dist_func(p[i], q[0])
ca[0] = max(ca[0], d)
for j in range(1,n_q):
left_up = temp
d = dist_func(p[i], q[j])
temp = ca[j]
ca[j] = max(min(ca[j],left_up,ca[j - 1]), d)
return ca
class compressionLinearDiscreteFrechet(DiscreteFrechet):
def __init__(self, dist_func):
DiscreteFrechet.__init__(self, dist_func)
# JIT the numba code
self.distance(np.array([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]),
np.array([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]))
def distance(self, p: np.ndarray, q: np.ndarray) -> float:
self.ca = compression_get_linear_frechet(p, q, self.dist_func)
return self.ca[-1]
def main():
np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
distance_fun = earth_haversine
linear_frechet = LinearDiscreteFrechet(distance_fun)
slow_frechet = DiscreteFrechet(distance_fun)
VDF = VectorizedDiscreteFrechet(distance_fun)
compression_linear = compressionLinearDiscreteFrechet(distance_fun)
p = np.array([
[ 42.31644861, -83.77730583],
[ 42.31631778, -83.77754194],
[ 42.31619611, -83.77816083],
[ 42.31604194, -83.77894 ],
[ 42.31589861, -83.7797925 ],
[ 42.31565222, -83.78029194],
[ 42.31527111, -83.780575 ],
[ 42.31491194, -83.78094639],
[ 42.31462333, -83.78133361],
[ 42.31411778, -83.78156806],
[ 42.31361861, -83.78157389],
[ 42.31300028, -83.78156694],
[ 42.31235028, -83.78153222],
[ 42.31171806, -83.78150528],
[ 42.31097083, -83.78147556],
[ 42.31028861, -83.78144833],
[ 42.30959611, -83.78140667],
[ 42.30890083, -83.78137667],
[ 42.30821972, -83.78134028],
[ 42.30762528, -83.78131917],
[ 42.30691111, -83.781295 ],
[ 42.30626583, -83.78123278],
[ 42.30579611, -83.78121444],
[ 42.30541694, -83.78127667],
[ 42.30485833, -83.78123083],
[ 42.30413889, -83.78119778],
[ 42.30312917, -83.78116222],
[ 42.30247667, -83.78113083],
[ 42.30210861, -83.78116667],
[ 42.30192611, -83.78127389],
[ 42.30147583, -83.78119139],
[ 42.30077167, -83.78109194],
[ 42.30028778, -83.7810625 ],
[ 42.29992 , -83.7812025 ],
[ 42.29948083, -83.78110111],
[ 42.29883806, -83.78105444],
[ 42.29824833, -83.78105167],
[ 42.29765167, -83.78105667],
[ 42.29700667, -83.78105194],
[ 42.29634194, -83.78104889],
[ 42.29573611, -83.7810525 ],
[ 42.295395 , -83.78100861],
[ 42.29534111, -83.78095944],
[ 42.29527 , -83.78094 ],
[ 42.29494278, -83.78086833],
[ 42.29426028, -83.78081528],
[ 42.29358333, -83.78078778],
[ 42.29294528, -83.78075722],
[ 42.29230917, -83.78073306],
[ 42.29162361, -83.78072333],
[ 42.29089417, -83.78071083],
[ 42.29000861, -83.78067528],
[ 42.28929556, -83.78065222],
[ 42.28855944, -83.78064944],
[ 42.28785778, -83.78065806],
[ 42.28723694, -83.78065444],
[ 42.28653778, -83.78063944],
[ 42.28624111, -83.78061833],
[ 42.286215 , -83.78061333],
[ 42.2862275 , -83.78057944],
[ 42.28612 , -83.78060611],
[ 42.28583833, -83.78057194],
[ 42.28545444, -83.7805525 ],
[ 42.2850025 , -83.78053639],
[ 42.28455472, -83.78052861],
[ 42.283995 , -83.78050056],
[ 42.28351194, -83.78048444],
[ 42.28297472, -83.78047333],
[ 42.28236417, -83.78045944],
[ 42.28184889, -83.78045667],
[ 42.28155556, -83.78045972],
[ 42.28151444, -83.78046194],
[ 42.2815175 , -83.78046 ],
[ 42.2813275 , -83.78045028],
[ 42.28095361, -83.78043917],
[ 42.28050833, -83.78044917],
[ 42.280135 , -83.78044611],
[ 42.27977472, -83.78042778],
[ 42.27919556, -83.78023417],
[ 42.27864194, -83.77985167],
[ 42.278055 , -83.77948111],
[ 42.27750944, -83.77912028],
[ 42.276865 , -83.77870917],
[ 42.27639083, -83.77840111],
[ 42.27569194, -83.77795083],
[ 42.27524083, -83.77764583],
[ 42.27509861, -83.77755361],
[ 42.27511028, -83.77751083],
[ 42.27509667, -83.77747278],
[ 42.27495222, -83.7773675 ],
[ 42.27458694, -83.77713028]])
q = np.array([
[ 42.31661889, -83.77759694],
[ 42.31651444, -83.77805778],
[ 42.31639167, -83.77864528],
[ 42.31627694, -83.77921639],
[ 42.31612361, -83.77979778],
[ 42.31601167, -83.78022333],
[ 42.31587083, -83.78046167],
[ 42.31573444, -83.78056583],
[ 42.31549833, -83.78067222],
[ 42.3152775 , -83.780815 ],
[ 42.31496194, -83.78111833],
[ 42.31475 , -83.78141778],
[ 42.31445972, -83.78161111],
[ 42.31412833, -83.78162167],
[ 42.31372361, -83.78162611],
[ 42.31325667, -83.78158194],
[ 42.31257306, -83.78156139],
[ 42.31207222, -83.78153778],
[ 42.3114975 , -83.78147417],
[ 42.3110025 , -83.78147611],
[ 42.310545 , -83.78148778],
[ 42.30996028, -83.78151278],
[ 42.30964889, -83.78154667],
[ 42.30927861, -83.78154222],
[ 42.30889583, -83.78153222],
[ 42.30830583, -83.78148917],
[ 42.30787444, -83.78151389],
[ 42.30739361, -83.78149083],
[ 42.30688833, -83.78149306],
[ 42.30645611, -83.78140167],
[ 42.30617917, -83.78143528],
[ 42.30593583, -83.7815 ],
[ 42.30538944, -83.78145306],
[ 42.3048975 , -83.78143833],
[ 42.30437361, -83.78140833],
[ 42.30387111, -83.78138111],
[ 42.30336361, -83.78134694],
[ 42.30279222, -83.78133222],
[ 42.3024175 , -83.78134167],
[ 42.30200111, -83.78141333],
[ 42.30142417, -83.78128833],
[ 42.30099889, -83.78121667],
[ 42.30059 , -83.78115861],
[ 42.30020167, -83.78121778],
[ 42.29977306, -83.78127833],
[ 42.29939833, -83.78119194],
[ 42.29899917, -83.78111944],
[ 42.29854361, -83.78108361],
[ 42.29815611, -83.78103944],
[ 42.29781111, -83.78100278],
[ 42.29738556, -83.78100111],
[ 42.29699972, -83.78100667],
[ 42.296655 , -83.78100444],
[ 42.29633833, -83.78099861],
[ 42.29605778, -83.78096972],
[ 42.29586694, -83.78095194],
[ 42.29575806, -83.78089528],
[ 42.29561083, -83.78085861],
[ 42.29547028, -83.78088333],
[ 42.29539 , -83.78079861],
[ 42.295295 , -83.78078528],
[ 42.29517639, -83.78075333],
[ 42.2949275 , -83.78072667],
[ 42.29467417, -83.78067917],
[ 42.29445778, -83.78064917],
[ 42.29409972, -83.78061444],
[ 42.293735 , -83.78059833],
[ 42.29332611, -83.78060528],
[ 42.29283 , -83.78062111],
[ 42.29163472, -83.78061194],
[ 42.291115 , -83.78057333],
[ 42.29058611, -83.78053583],
[ 42.28991556, -83.78050139],
[ 42.28944694, -83.78049 ],
[ 42.28895194, -83.7804875 ],
[ 42.28846889, -83.78049167],
[ 42.28796361, -83.78048278],
[ 42.28730917, -83.78049444],
[ 42.28680806, -83.78053278],
[ 42.28629917, -83.78051222],
[ 42.28586972, -83.78049972],
[ 42.28529083, -83.78052472],
[ 42.28475306, -83.78054 ],
[ 42.28422444, -83.78052833],
[ 42.28372139, -83.78050028],
[ 42.28336 , -83.78042 ],
[ 42.28331167, -83.78041917],
[ 42.28296583, -83.78043139],
[ 42.28257361, -83.78042306],
[ 42.28213528, -83.780415 ],
[ 42.28167583, -83.78038389],
[ 42.28125306, -83.78035861],
[ 42.27966083, -83.78032361],
[ 42.27943167, -83.78029611],
[ 42.27922417, -83.78011056],
[ 42.27854833, -83.77966083],
[ 42.27816278, -83.77938583],
[ 42.27776444, -83.77910083],
[ 42.27735694, -83.77880583],
[ 42.27690417, -83.7785075 ],
[ 42.27637639, -83.77812556],
[ 42.27598167, -83.77782778],
[ 42.27558917, -83.77756861],
[ 42.27521528, -83.77733417],
[ 42.27487861, -83.77709444],
[ 42.274515 , -83.77680611],
[ 42.27439389, -83.77672333]])
start = timer()
distance = slow_frechet.distance(p, q)
end = timer()
slow_time = end - start
print("Slow time and ferechet distance:\n {:.8f}".format(slow_time),end=" ")
print(distance)
start = timer()
distance = linear_frechet.distance(p, q)
end = timer()
linear_time = end - start
print("Linear time and ferechet distance:\n {:.8f}".format(linear_time),end=" ")
print(distance)
start = timer()
distance = VDF.distance(p, q)
end = timer()
VDF_time = end - start
print("VDF time and ferechet distance:\n {:.8f}".format(VDF_time),end=" ")
print(distance)
start = timer()
distance = compression_linear.distance(p, q)
end = timer()
compression_linear_time = end - start
print("compression_linear time and ferechet distance :\n {:.8f}".format(compression_linear_time),end=" ")
print(distance)
print()
print("time ratio(Based on linear):")
print("Linear : compression_linear : :slow : VDA ")
print("{:.2f} : {:.2f} : {:.2f} : {:.2f} ".format(linear_time / linear_time,compression_linear_time / linear_time,slow_time / linear_time,VDF_time / linear_time))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
其实干了啥呢，原始的 DiscreteFrechet 是从后往前递归实现的，然后改成 dp 从前往后实现得到 LinearDiscreteFrechet ，然后对 dp 做了点优化减少了空间复杂度 得到compressionLinearDiscreteFrechet，后来又想着先把所有距离都算出来，利用查表法看能不能降低时间 VectorizedDiscreteFrechet，结果表现超级拉跨
结果
Slow time and ferechet distance:
0.02692690 83.23780104754721
Linear time and ferechet distance:
0.00266960 83.23780104754721
VDF time and ferechet distance:
0.21261920 83.23780104754721
compression_linear time and ferechet distance :
0.00274860 83.23780104754721
time ratio(Based on linear):
Linear : compression_linear : :slow : VDA
1.00 : 1.03 : 10.09 : 79.64
另外一组曲线（供测试）
最后在提供一组曲线，大家测试下
p = np.array([[ 42.27764194, -83.69931 ],
[ 42.27735028, -83.69914667],
[ 42.27678667, -83.69895222],
[ 42.27631444, -83.69889278],
[ 42.27580917, -83.69888194],
[ 42.27528806, -83.69894139],
[ 42.27462333, -83.698925 ],
[ 42.27417667, -83.69887167],
[ 42.27371028, -83.69883389],
[ 42.27326722, -83.69875833],
[ 42.27293333, -83.69871 ],
[ 42.27260083, -83.698555 ],
[ 42.27252667, -83.69851111],
[ 42.27253611, -83.69829611],
[ 42.27263194, -83.69801361],
[ 42.27283111, -83.69780778],
[ 42.2731525 , -83.69777056],
[ 42.27344667, -83.69794889],
[ 42.27366083, -83.69829139],
[ 42.27385444, -83.69872417],
[ 42.27410694, -83.69931611],
[ 42.27419444, -83.69977167],
[ 42.27431083, -83.70023639],
[ 42.274425 , -83.70078917],
[ 42.27458694, -83.70132583],
[ 42.2747225 , -83.70187472],
[ 42.27478528, -83.70254 ],
[ 42.27466083, -83.70296472],
[ 42.2744675 , -83.7033175 ],
[ 42.27416083, -83.70364194],
[ 42.27395389, -83.70386194],
[ 42.27376833, -83.70406583],
[ 42.27352111, -83.70428028],
[ 42.27334083, -83.70450972],
[ 42.27321917, -83.70478194],
[ 42.27316361, -83.70501722],
[ 42.27314528, -83.70533861],
[ 42.27324861, -83.70541694],
[ 42.27351222, -83.70534194],
[ 42.273705 , -83.70534722],
[ 42.27400667, -83.70527111],
[ 42.27421361, -83.7051425 ],
[ 42.27430278, -83.70497889],
[ 42.27441833, -83.70490389],
[ 42.27453583, -83.704895 ],
[ 42.27475278, -83.70488778],
[ 42.27492472, -83.70493556],
[ 42.27510028, -83.70497278],
[ 42.2752525 , -83.70503917],
[ 42.27542472, -83.70511444],
[ 42.27550639, -83.70519222],
[ 42.27555194, -83.70534667],
[ 42.27552194, -83.70549278],
[ 42.27546694, -83.70568444],
[ 42.27534833, -83.70591167],
[ 42.27536472, -83.70607 ],
[ 42.2753675 , -83.70621972],
[ 42.27536694, -83.70642444],
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后记
我看了别人还有其他的优化方法，但感觉有点难理解，我整明白再来更新，利用啥稀疏矩阵和其他的东西配合，似乎速度还能提高几倍
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