一、为什么要使用reudx-saga?
在解决redux副作用的中间件中,redux-thunk、redux-promise虽然也能解决问题,但是它们会导致action和action创建函数不再纯净,因为它们改动了action,action而redux-saga就是为了解决这个问题,他保持了action和action创建函数的纯净。
同时,redux-saga不仅仅能处理redux副作用的,它还有其它很多功能,延迟、监听等等。
二、安装
npm install --save redux-saga
// 或
yarn add redux-saga
三、使用
启动一个saga任务:
export function* sagaTask() {
console.log("saga启动了");
}
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";
import reducer from "./reducer";
import logger from "redux-logger";
import createSagaMiddleware from "redux-saga";
import { sagaTask } from "./saga";
const sagaMid = createSagaMiddleware();
const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(sagaMid, logger));
sagaMid.run(sagaTask);
saga指令:
- take:监听action的触发
在saga任务中通过take监听类型为SETLOGIN的action
import { take } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
export function* sagaTask() {
const action = yield take(SETLOGIN);
console.log("action", action);
}
当action触发的时候,saga会收到监听执行任务
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";
import * as loginActions from "./action/login";
import reducer from "./reducer";
import createSagaMiddleware from "redux-saga";
import { sagaTask } from "./saga";
const sagaMid = createSagaMiddleware();
const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(sagaMid));
sagaMid.run(sagaTask);
store.dispatch(loginActions.createSetLoginAction(1234)); // 触发action
注意点:
当saga的生成器函数运行完成时,则saga中间件一定会结束,也就是后面再调用也没有效果,例如:
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";
import * as loginActions from "./action/login";
import reducer from "./reducer";
import createSagaMiddleware from "redux-saga";
import { sagaTask } from "./saga";
const sagaMid = createSagaMiddleware();
const store = createStore(reducer, applyMiddleware(sagaMid));
sagaMid.run(sagaTask);
window.setLogin = function () {
store.dispatch(loginActions.createSetLoginAction(1234));
};
第一次执行saga监听到了,打印出了action,但是监听完成后saga运行结束,所以后面第二次触发action没有打印出action,因为这时候saga中间件已经结束了
- all:传入一个数组,数组中存放生成器,saga会等所有的生成器完成之后才会进一步处理
import { all } from "redux-saga/effects";
function* task1() {
console.log("任务1");
}
function* task2() {
console.log("任务2");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield all([task1(), task2()]);
console.log("任务完成");
}
- takeEvery:不断的监听某一个action,takeEvery永远不会结束当前的生成器,且它不会阻塞函数的运行
import { takeEvery } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function* task() {
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
运行后不用触发action直接打印出监听开始,所以说它是不会阻塞函数运行的,且它不会结束当前的生成器,能一直监听action的执行
take也能达到takeEvery同样的效果:
import { take } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function* task() {
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
while (true) {
yield take(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
}
只要不让生成器函数结束,它就能一直监听
- delay:阻塞指定的毫秒数
import { takeEvery, delay } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function* task() {
yield delay(2000);
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
浏览器会在2000毫秒后才会输出action执行
- put:用于重新触发action,相当于dispatch一个action
import { takeEvery, delay, put } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN, createPutTestAction } from "../action/login";
function* task() {
yield delay(2000);
yield put(createPutTestAction(1234));
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
- call:用于副作用函数的调用
import { takeEvery, delay, call } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function asyncFunc() {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("执行了异步函数");
}, 3000);
}
function* task() {
yield delay(2000);
yield call(asyncFunc);
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
- apply:apply的作用和call是一样,只有传入的参数不一样,第一个参数传入的是this的指向,第二个参数传入调用的函数,第三个是传入函数的参数,apply为一个数组,call为字符串
import { takeEvery, delay, apply } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function asyncFunc() {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("执行了异步函数");
}, 3000);
}
function* task() {
yield delay(2000);
yield apply(null, asyncFunc);
console.log("action执行");
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
和上面call的例子效果一样
- select:查询整个仓库当前的状态
import { takeEvery, select } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function* task() {
const state = yield select();
console.log(state);
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
- cps:用于调用传统回调方式的异步
import { takeEvery, cps } from "redux-saga/effects";
import { SETLOGIN } from "../action/login";
function cpsFunc(callBack) {
setTimeout(() => {
callBack(null, {
a: 1,
});
}, 3000);
}
function* task() {
const c = yield cps(cpsFunc);
console.log(c);
}
export function* sagaTask() {
yield takeEvery(SETLOGIN, task);
console.log("监听开始");
}
注意:回调函数的第一个值是返回错误信息