QT的信号与槽机制介绍与简单计算器项目

简介

• 信号：当对象改变其状态时，信号就由该对象发射 (emit) 出去，而且对象只负责发送信号，它不知道另一端是谁在接收这个信号。这样就做到了真正的信息封装，能确保对象被当作一个真正的软件组件来使用。
• 槽：用于接收信号，而且槽只是普通的对象成员函数。一个槽并不知道是否有任何信号与自己相连接。而且对象并不了解具体的通信机制。
• 信号与槽的连接：

connect(谁，发出什么信号，谁，执行什么操作)；

特点

• 一个信号可以连接多个槽
  当信号发射时，会以不确定的顺序一个接一个的调用各个槽。
• 多个信号可以连接同一个槽
  即无论是哪一个信号被发射，都会调用这个槽。
• 信号直接可以相互连接
  发射第一个信号时，也会发射第二个信号。
• 连接可以被移除
  这种情况用得比较少，因为在对象被删除时，Qt会自动移除与这个对象相关的所有连 接。语法如下：
  disconnect(sender, SIGNAL(signal), receiver, SLOT(slot));

示例

下面是运用QT所写的简单计算器代码。
QT本身可以将项目分为三个部分：界面布局、模型代码、控制器。
具体可以参考我学习的视频，我觉得还不错。

• 界面布局
  
• 模型代码

dialog.h

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H

#include <QDialog>
#include "model.h"
#include <QString>
namespace Ui {
class Dialog;
}

class Dialog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~Dialog();
private slots:
  void getBtn0();
    void getBtn1();
    void getBtn2();
    void getBtn3();
    void getBtn4();

    void on_pushButton_5_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_6_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_7_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_8_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_9_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_ride_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_div_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_add_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_sub_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_equal_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_c_clicked();

private:
    QString tmp;
    Ui::Dialog *ui;
    model * mode;
};

#endif // DIALOG_H

model.h

#ifndef MODEL_H
#define MODEL_H
#include <QString>

class model
{
public:
    model();
    void setNum1(int num);
    void setNum2(int num);
    void setFlog(QString flog);
    QString doExpr();

private:
    int num1;
    int num2;
    QString flog;


};

#endif // MODEL_H

dialog.cpp

#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) :
    QDialog(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    connect(this->ui->pushButton_0,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(getBtn0()));
    connect(this->ui->pushButton_1,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(getBtn1()));
    connect(this->ui->pushButton_2,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(getBtn2()));
    connect(this->ui->pushButton_3,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(getBtn3()));
    connect(this->ui->pushButton_4,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(getBtn4()));
    this->mode=new model;

    this->tmp="";
}

Dialog::~Dialog()
{
    delete ui;
}
void Dialog::getBtn0()
{
    if(this->tmp!=""){
this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_0->text();
            this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
    }
}
void Dialog::getBtn1()
{
this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_1->text();
    this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}
void Dialog::getBtn2()
{
this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_2->text();
    this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}
void Dialog::getBtn3()
{
this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_3->text();
    this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}
void Dialog::getBtn4()
{
  this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_4->text() ;
    this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_5_clicked()
{
    this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_5->text() ;
      this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_6_clicked()
{
    this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_6->text() ;
      this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_7_clicked()
{
    this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_7->text() ;
      this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_8_clicked()
{
    this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_8->text() ;
      this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_9_clicked()
{
    this->tmp+=this->ui->pushButton_9->text() ;
      this->ui->label->setText(this->tmp);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_ride_clicked()
{
    int num=this->tmp.toInt();
    this->mode->setNum1(num);
    this->tmp="";
    QString ex=this->ui->pushButton_ride->text();
    this->mode->setFlog(ex);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_div_clicked()
{
    int num=this->tmp.toInt();
    this->mode->setNum1(num);
    this->tmp="";
    QString ex=this->ui->pushButton_div->text();
    this->mode->setFlog(ex);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_add_clicked()
{
    int num=this->tmp.toInt();
    this->mode->setNum1(num);
this->tmp="";
    QString ex=this->ui->pushButton_add->text();
    this->mode->setFlog(ex);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_sub_clicked()
{
    int num=this->tmp.toInt();
    this->mode->setNum1(num);
    this->tmp="";
    QString ex=this->ui->pushButton_sub->text();
    this->mode->setFlog(ex);
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_equal_clicked()
{
    int num=this->tmp.toInt();
    this->mode->setNum2(num);
    QString res=this->mode->doExpr();
    this->ui->label->setText(res);
    this->tmp="";
}


void Dialog::on_pushButton_c_clicked()
{
    this->tmp="";
    this->ui->label->setText("0");
}

model.cpp

#include "model.h"

model::model()
{
    this->num1=0;
    this->num2=0;
}
void model::setNum1(int num)
{
    this->num1=num;
}

void model::setNum2(int num)
{
    this->num2=num;
}

void model::setFlog(QString flog)
{
    this->flog=flog;
}

QString model::doExpr()
{
    int result=0;
    if(this->flog=="+"){
        result=num1+num2;
    }
    else   if(this->flog=="*"){
        result=this->num1*this->num2;
    }
    else  if(this->flog=="-"){
        result=this->num1-this->num2;
    }
    else   if(this->flog=="/"){
        if(this->num2==0){
            return "error";
        }
        result=this->num1/this->num2;
    }
    else{   //被除数不为0
        return QString::number(this->num1);
    }
    return QString::number(result);
}

main.cpp

#include "dialog.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    Dialog w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}