常用等价无穷小以及泰勒公式
常用等价无穷小 x → 0 x\to 0 x→0
s i n x ∼ x t a n x ∼ x a r c s i n x ∼ x a r c t a n x ∼ x l n ( 1 + x ) ∼ x e x − 1 ∼ x a x − 1 ∼ x l n a 1 − c o s x ∼ 1 2 x 2 ( 1 + x ) a − 1 ∼ a x \begin{aligned} &sinx\sim x\\ &tanx\sim x\\ &arcsinx\sim x\\ &arctanx \sim x\\ &ln(1+x)\sim x\\ &e^x-1\sim x\\ &a^x-1\sim xlna\\ &1-cosx\sim\frac{1}{2}x^2\\ &(1+x)^a-1\sim ax \end{aligned} sinx∼xtanx∼xarcsinx∼xarctanx∼xln(1+x)∼xex−1∼xax−1∼xlna1−cosx∼21x2(1+x)a−1∼ax
注：可以将x适度广义化
常用泰勒展开式 x → 0 x\to 0 x→0
s i n x = x − 1 3 ! x 3 + o ( x 3 ) c o s x = 1 − 1 2 ! x 2 + 1 4 ! x 4 + o ( x 4 ) a r c s i n x = x + 1 3 ! x 3 + o ( x 3 ) t a n x = x + 1 3 x 3 + o ( x 3 ) a r c t a n x = x − 1 3 x 3 + 0 ( x 3 ) e x = 1 + x + 1 2 ! x 2 + 1 3 ! x 3 + o ( x 3 ) l n ( 1 + x ) = x − 1 2 x 2 + 1 3 x 3 + o ( x 3 ) ( 1 + x ) a = 1 + a x + a ( a − 1 ) 2 ! x 2 + o ( x 2 ) \begin{aligned} &sinx=x-\frac{1}{3!}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &cosx=1-\frac{1}{2!}x^2+\frac{1}{4!}x^4+o(x^4)\\ &arcsinx=x+\frac{1}{3!}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &tanx=x+\frac{1}{3}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &arctanx=x-\frac{1}{3}x^3+0(x^3)\\ &e^x=1+x+\frac{1}{2!}x^2+\frac{1}{3!}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &ln(1+x)=x-\frac{1}{2}x^2+\frac{1}{3}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &(1+x)^a=1+ax+\frac{a(a-1)}{2!}x^2+o(x^2) \end{aligned} sinx=x−3!1x3+o(x3)cosx=1−2!1x2+4!1x4+o(x4)arcsinx=x+3!1x3+o(x3)tanx=x+31x3+o(x3)arctanx=x−31x3+0(x3)ex=1+x+2!1x2+3!1x3+o(x3)ln(1+x)=x−21x2+31x3+o(x3)(1+x)a=1+ax+2!a(a−1)x2+o(x2)
可以将x适度广义化
泰勒公式展开原则
- A B \frac{A}{B} BA型，适用于上下同阶
- A-B型适用于幂次最低，即将A和B分别展开到它们系数不相等的 x x x的最低次幂
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